Comparative Perspective on Organized Crime Essay

Comparative Perspective on Organized Crime - Essay Example Our grounds for comparison will be in terms of organizational structure, operations, political significance and their respective cultures since sociologists insist they share a cultural underpinnings. The organized crime which came to be labeled as the mafia, regardless of racial grouping, owes its origin to the Italian mafia. This group was founded in Sicily and is also called the Cosa Nostra. It was established in the eastern part of the United States due to the onslaught of the Italian immigration in 19th century. Simply put, the mafia is a criminal secret society whose sole purpose is profit culled from various illegal activities. What distinguishes the mafia from other organized criminal groups is the cultural dimension to it. (Throsby 2001, p. 6) Mafias are identified by nationality such as the Italian mafia, Russian mafia or the Japanese Yakuza. In the book called, Understanding the Mafia, Joseph Farell (1997, p. 6) explained that mafia’s only aim is the enrichment and empowerment of the individual and â€Å"his family,† hence honor and success are inseparable. Also, another distinction relies on the fact that a characteristic of a mafia is that it performs g overnmental functions such as law enforcement and criminal justice- in spheres where the legal judicial system refuses to exercise power or is unable to do so. 1 The phenomenon of the mafia has actually generated extensive interest on the subject that anthropologists, scholars, historians, psychologists, social and political scientists and even economists are up in arms in interpreting their existence. Naturally, there is an ongoing debate over these organizations’ natures, but the â€Å"mafiologists† seem to agree that â€Å"the mafia is undoubtedly a complex, mysterious, multi-faceted phenomenon.† (Farrel) To the detriment of the Sicilian people, their tradition came to be identified with the Italian Mafia. Its operation within the Sicilian society gave it the precise

Evidence based practice with young people who sexually offend Essay

Evidence based practice with young people who sexually offend - Essay Example t for a crime, a mere intention is not enough, or even if there is a crime as well as an intention to it, it still does not fall under the category of crime if it hurts and offends someone in personal. (Danziger, pp. 34-37, 2002) Any wrongful act is a crime only when it is done with an intention as well as the act of wrongdoing affects the public. Such a definition was limited to only adult and grown-up members of the human society until few decades ago; however, a new term of juvenile or adolescent offenders came into being after a number of cases reported in which, youngsters below 18 years of age were involved in criminal activities, such as theft, burglary, rape, harassment, etc. In specific, when a juvenile in the age group of 13-17 commit any sexual offense, he/she is referred as adolescent sexual offender in the United Kingdom, and such is the case in a number of other countries around the globe. There can be innumerable reasons for sexual offenses flourishing in our society; however, experts have classified them into different broad umbrellas such as social circumstances, moral and ethical reasons, racial and lingual issue, environmental factors, religious differences, personality disorders, mental diseases, past experiences, family history and so on and so forth. (Bessant & Watts, pp. 33-41, 2007) Sometimes the reason is nothing but the personal choice of the criminal to adhere to sexual offenses. This paper deals with a thorough discussion of factors that are responsible for existence of such offensive activities in lives of youngsters. Crimes can be viewed as the result of adverse social circumstances. (Wolfgand & Johnston, pp. 56-63, 1962) Not every youngster chooses crime for his life’s long journey; however, sometimes, conditions are just too impossible to avoid for ordinary people, situations are inevitable to not to fall apart, not always the wrong doer is the criminal only, sometimes, it is the whole society to share the crime. Yes, crimes

The Impact Of The Industrial Revolution Sociology Essay

The Impact Of The Industrial Revolution Sociology Essay The Industrial Revolution was conceived in Britain during the 1700s and soon after spread to other parts of Europe and to North America in the early 1800s. The industrial revolution had immense effects creating an unprecedented amount of change as well has having great implications on modern society. Where the once meticulous art of making goods and items by hand was the norm, this was quickly replaced with engine manufacturing allowing goods to be produced in large quantities and bringing about the development of factory organization. The emergence of the nuclear family as well as work force diversifications, are all but some of the implications of the industrial revolution. This paper will discuss the impact that the industrial revolution has had on our society by looking at various ways in which our society has been shaped and formed by the long-lasting effects of the industrial revolution which has served as a key to the origins of modern western society. As Harold Perkin observe d, The Industrial Revolution was no mere sequence of changes in industrial techniques and production, but a social revolution with social causes as well as profound social effects (Society for the Study of Labour History,1986:63). Todays large and urbanized cities are a reflection of the mass-migration that took place during the industrial revolution in which people needed to leave their families and communities in order to join the workforce moving from rural areas to urban areas This was further encouraged by government incentives which also led to the centralization of wealth. A dramatic change was therefore seen in the social structure of society. Prior to the industrial revolution Evans observed that life would be lived within limited geographical boundaries, survival itself dependent on the success or failure of the harvest, and the organization of everyday existence dictated by natural light and the seasons (Evans, 2006:46). Moreover, the industrial revolution was unconditionally helpful to the development of the world from the 1800s all the way to the present day. Mass-production led to an abundance of goods. The textile industry improved due to faster manufacturing processes such as coal and steam pow er and other new machinery that led to an increase in the production of woven fabrics as well as an increase in the production of raw materials such as cotton, which led to the availability of inexpensive and affordable clothing (Beniger, 1986). The expansion of factories meant that a larger workforce was needed in order to meet industry demands. Employment opportunities were suddenly vast, permitting some of the less privileged classes in society to have a chance of being recruited and earn a living. For instance, women became increasingly members of the workforce. Mary Wollstonecraft had demanded that women be given the same education as men and the same opportunities for earning a living. That wish was to be granted, less by any agreed social policy than by the transformation of the social organization of industry and what we call it the industrial revolution (Evans, 2006:51). This made it even more possible due to the developments in medicine and in particular antiseptics which allowed women to survive an otherwise excruciating child labour Medical science gave to women the increased likelihood of surviving (Evans, 2006:68). Child birth was thereafter no longer regarded as an obstacle to a womans aspirations in being par t of the workforce. The developments made in the field of medicine also lowered prices, making essential medication accessible to the lower and middle classes of society. This coupled with the need to increase the workforce in order to meet the industrys demands led to women having a much stronger presence in the workforce. Although under-paid, this may have been the first step in the long battle for gender equality. Although inequality is still to a certain extent evident today, women have a nevertheless strong and influential role in todays society. Furthermore, corporations expanded creating a division between those who worked for the companies and those who managed it and owned the factories.   The rise of these large companies is what really advanced the wage labor-based capitalist system which created markets where buyers and sellers of goods and services agreed on a price. Then came the businesses that follow their own self by challenging for the consumers money. Each business tried to do better by producing goods or services that are better and less costly than those of its competitors (Evans, 2006). Today the existence of competition laws around the world and particularly within the EU as set out by the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU is essential and necessary to promote healthy competition between companies so as to provide consumers with various products and choices at competitive prices as well as preventing and deterring companies from abusing or colluding with its competitors (Bellamy and child, 2008). The rap id increase of corporations and capitalism quickly led to world trade and changes in transportation and communication such as the shipping of goods by sea and advanced and more liable modes of communication. The success and growth of the industrial revolution rested on the capability to transport goods and materials over long distances. Therefore, the use of traditional carriers such as horse carriages quickly proved ineffective and costly (Stern, David I; Kander, Astrid, 2012:128). Consequently, such modes of transport became practically redundant calling for the need to invent and create faster and more efficient means of transport. This spurred about new modes of transport seen to this day such as waterways, roads and railroads. Suddenly, there was a massive rise in the scale of road transport (Wrigley, 2010:31). The industrial revolution used electricity to power machines, the improvement of electricity established light and sources for the people and communications improved as a result of electricity. The telephone and telegraph were invented and were the principal communicational strategies that were for community use. With the growth of technology, radio waves were revealed. Curre ntly, messages could be sent over long distances in almost no time. The industrial revolution did not only encourage invention but it also introduced improvements in social and government strategies. For instance, in England citizens were given a voice in government, by having an elected British Parliament. Furthermore, the government implemented laws and regulations to protect employees as well as illegalizing child labour. This led to the organization of labour and trade unions, and subsequently to the development of the concept of socialism. Socialists such as Robert Owen, became outspoken and wanted to construct a better life for all people by improving working conditions and fighting against the employment of children under eleven years of age. The socialistic campaigning of Robert Owens contributed to the decrease in work related crime and improvement in working conditions which reduced the levels of disease and hence improved peoples lives (Owen, 1817). The effects of the industrial revolution are therefore immense and long-lasting which have shaped our modern society and improved our lives in many ways. However, along with the many improvements of the industrial revolution, the side-effects of industrialization are also evident today. With energy playing a vital role in powering the industrial revolution the end-result has been the inevitable consequence of pollution bringing about the start and conception of global warming due to carbon emissions, which is more evident today than ever. Prior to the industrial revolution the earths atmosphere had a balanced amount of carbon dioxide compared to today. However, in todays growing economy the burning of fossil fuels for the provision of energy has been deemed necessary, making a change to the atmosphere inevitable. Global warming is increasingly becoming a global issue with its effects becoming more visible today than it was fifty years ago. This is seen in the increase of natural disa sters and extreme weather conditions all stemming from climate change induced by global warming. Due to the need for mass-production coupled with the increase in population, agricultural methods have been transformed with the introduction of pesticides, insecticides and other chemicals posing potential threats to health and well-being. New agriculture methods also increased soil degeneration as well as destroying animal habitats to make room for more agricultural land (Orgcle Think Quest, 1999). However, the most prolific evidence of the Industrial Revolutions impact on the modern world is seen in the global growth in population during the twentieth century. The world population would take on exponential proportions, growing to six billion people just before the start of the twenty- first century which is a four hundred percent population increase in a single century. It has been two hundred and fifty years since the start of the industrial revolution and the world has seen the popu lation increase by six billion people (Ecology, 2011). This population growth has led to poverty, increased levels of air pollution, limited housing due to densely populated areas and limited food supplies. One can easily recognize the negative aspects of the revolution but if we view the revolution as a whole we will see that the positive aspects entirely outweigh the negative aspects. The industrial revolution brought about low-priced goods, an improvement in transportation, medical science, and communication, thus it can be seen that the industrial revolution has been a huge force in improving standards of living for working class. It provided an enormous number of jobs and gave an opportunity for women to work. Moreover, it has led to several significant changes in government bringing about the rise of communism, socialism, labour unions and government regulations. Sacrifices were made which led to technological developments, which in return shaped happiness, life openings and a complete and definite improvement of life. The industrial revolution formed modern society to what is today. As Rousseau accurately observed, Civilization spoils people (Rousseau, 1770)

Chinese Cuisine - The Food of China Essay examples -- essays research

Chinese Cuisine - The Food of China   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  China’s food is very unique and traditional. Grains are the main food in China. Rice is the favorite grain among the people in the South. In the north, people prefer wheat, which they make in to bread and noodles. Corn millet, and sorghum are also eaten. Vegetables, especially cabbage and Tofu rank second in Chinese diet. Roasted sweet potatoes are a popular snack eaten by the Chinese. Pork and poultry are the favorite meats in China. The people also like eggs, fish, fruit, and shellfish.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chop Suey originated in China. Chop sticks and soup spoons are served as the only utensils at a Chinese meal. Tea is the traditional Chinese beverage. Ice-cream has gained popularity in China. Food from the East and Southeast coastal areas includes fi...

Takem’s Appliances and Electronics

LLCAuthor: Ashraf Bani Domi February 16, 2018 ACCT 511 – Advanced Business Law for Accountants Professor: Dean Poirier Liberty University Abstract I would like to start my research paper and point out the legality and the validity of the contract that Takem's Appliances and Electronics LLC. used to sell their electronics as he had this new idea of selling them door-to-door which was a success and that lead to take advantage of this success by increasing his prices to 30% more if he delivers them to the customer's house. Also, I will explain the ethical consequences that the procedure Takem used in the region he lived in. Also, explaining the meaning of breach of the contract and what constitutes the lowest requirements in search of remedies in these kinds of circumstances. And for the sales to be permissible, they must encounter every sector of the legal criteria. Also, Takem must have ethical accountability that takes place under the social responsibility to the small community he lives in. The legal case of Sally Walker vs. Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC will be analyzed and investigated regarding weather if the conclusion of this case is it legal, is it moral/ethical? IntroductionThe world of commerce and most business relationships are initiated on a contract. Understanding of contract law is crucial for all businesspeople, owners, and managers. Since most commercial arrangements are constructed on contractual relationships. A decent preliminary point would be an empirical definition of a contract. Contracts include more than an arrangement or an agreement between two or more parties. â€Å"A contract is a promise or a set of promises for the breach of which the law gives a remedy, or the performance of which the law in some way recognizes as a duty† (Restatement (Second) of contract chapter 1 meaning of the term).The contract can be simply described as a voluntary exchange of promises, creating obligations that, if defaulted on or failed to pay, can be enforced and remedied by the courts. It is imperative that we understand as when agreeing to terms of a contract, entities are created and defining their particular rules and obligations. This differs from other areas of the law, such as torts, where rules and obligations are imposed on them.Furthermore, a valid contract can create a situation in which parties to the contract can predict, with some certainty, their upcoming relationship because each party knows that the courts will hold them to their agreement. Despite the fact courts will enforce a valid contract after it has been created, what the parties agree to in the first place in commonly unrestricted. Mr. Takem's Business Model is it Legal?When we study contract law, the focus is usually on the problems that can arise. It may therefore appear that most contractual relationship experiences complications. In fact, most contracts are privileged or resolved to the mutual satisfaction of the parties, and the courts become elaborate in a slight amount of contractual agreements, when an unfeasible dispute arises. Hence, addressing our case study in this project we need to outline some basic terminology that we discussed above and trying to apply it to our client, named Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC. Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC owned and operated by Tommy Takem. Tommy Takem owns Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC that participates in what might give the impression to some to be a very profitable business. However, we need to read through the surrounding circumstances and the case scenario to see and advise our client what are the best business practice he could proceed with his business, and whether we agree with his business practices or not, our constrain her in this case is to provide a legal guiding in this section and then will see how to evaluate, and explain to him the legal consequences as well as his potentials, nevertheless from the first glance and the studying we can see that most of our client Mr. Takem and his business activities obeying to law, but still need to be examined, and also we to talk about some ethics practice that could prime unexpected results. Which is something we will cover in more detail later, in our case study. Takem's business (Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC) is located in a rural area of Southwest Virginia, and the majority of its customers are poorer residents of the Appalachian regions of Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and West Virginia. According to our case, Sally Walker vs. Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC, our client, Tommy Takem. interested in concentrate his business around these rural areas because due to different reasons, there isn't much competition for his business which was an opportunity for his business. But the disadvantage was, most of the people who lived in these areas were relatively uneducated enough to understand, poor credit, unsophisticated, and other reasons. Moreover, there was a demand for appliances and electronics. And because there weren't many appliances stores around those areas, people needed to buy them. Tommy took advantage of that and increased his prices between 10-20%. This process adapted by our client is widening the precise meaning of the contractual law. Tommy's business has been doing so well after the increase in the prices. Tommy newly came up with an idea for expanding his business. He decided to begin selling his appliances and electronics door-to-door in the above-described regions. Until recently, it had been working great. He hired some great salespeople who really know how to â€Å"apply the pressure and turn up the heat.† Further, since he is providing a service to these societies by transporting the goods to their homes, he charges about 30% more than he would if the customers came to the store. Apparently, the salespeople do not mention this fact to the customers. Lately, Tommy received a letter from a disgruntled customer named Sally Walker (an elderly widow lady who lives alone in the hills of Southwest Virginia—her children and grandchildren have all moved out of the area.) She has fallen behind on her payments on her new laptop computer, and Tommy had started collection efforts. He had not yet referred it to a lawyer. The letter is very well written (which would be unexpected since Sally is not very well educated.) It indicates that her granddaughter, who recently graduated with an MS in Accounting from Liberty University Online helped her with it. It argues that the entire deal is unconscionable and therefore unenforceable.Moreover, the letter emphasizes that Sally has paid enough for the computer that she purchased and will not pay any more. Finally, the letter indicates that if Tommy pushes the matter more, Sally threatens to sue for punitive damages and write letters to the editors of various local papers throughout the region to ruin his reputation. As we can see from the above surrounding circumstances and from the definition of the contract, our client has been operating with the compliance in accordance with the law and legality in most of his business transaction, as general roles, â€Å"The foundations of Corporate Governance demand that organizational practice follows the legal requirements. In current times, news reviews of industry wrongdoings have forged uncertainty on the bottom line that submission is definitely the widespread procedure. â€Å"(Realistic Hypothetical Legal Scenarios Business Law for Accountants†, 2013) despite the allegation letter from Ms. Walker, and despite the ethical conduct regarding the transparency in the new adapted policy and increase of 30% on the delivered items in this section, but there is however still an exception to the legality of the later mentioned of the 30% this should be communicated to the other partiers of the contract. Whether the Argument in the Letter has any Merit?In response to a letter recently received which was written by Sally Walker's granddaughter of one of his customer, from lawyer standpoint of view, the indication of Sally's letter concerning and arguing the unconscionable act of our client (Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC) by excessively charging their customers. In analyzing the precedent there could thee potential legal obligations: first one, if Ms. Walker is serious enough about bringing this case to the court, the court may look upon the contract from the unconscionability part of it, while court applies this point very scarcely, but still feasible defense to the plaintiff side due to Ms. Walker conditions. The second one is that Ms. Walker could recall for the punitive damage claim, as explained below.The third one is regarding the undisclosed charges for the delivery services.Typically, court will enforce a valid contract after it has been formed, â€Å"In deciding the validity of consideration, courts will not look to the amount or type of considerations or the relative bargaining power of the parties (except in the rare case of a contract so burdensome on one party as to indicate unconscionability)† (ABLA, 2017). My concern here is to provide my client with a reasonable and accurate sound legal standpoint and preventing him from a further and a future legal consequence. On the other hand, when Ms. Walker's proclaimed that the installment and the amount she has paid for the computer so far, is enough, I see this all was agreed upon before forming the agreement with her. Obviously, I would advise that each one of us should read and go through any kind of contract in a way that can clear and remove any ambiguous completely, read through your paper one two or whatsoever, moreover, always seek for an expertise advise in most of your relationship areas, and save yourself of being an unexpected position. Should he Take the Threats Seriously?As react with caution in determining whether my client should take Ms. Walker's letter in a serious manner because we are afraid that the court might rule to her advantage. â€Å"When it is claimed or appears to the court that the contract or any clause thereof may be unconscionable the parties shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to present evidence as to its commercial setting, purpose and effect to aid the court in making the determination. (106). The Restatement also has a similar rule which tracks the UCC provision. (107) The purpose of the unconscionability doctrine is to expressly allow courts to police contracts for terms they deem unconscionable. (108) Though â€Å"unconscionable† is not defined by the UCC, some definitions give a feel for what the originators of the doctrine may have intended. One court has defined it as â€Å"that which ‘affronts the sense of decency.'† (109) One dictionary definition is â€Å"lying outside the limits of what is reasonable or acceptable: shockingly unfair, harsh, or unjust.† (110)† (Bar-Gill, O., Ben-Shahar, O., ; Marotta-Wurgler, F. 2017).Another word from the law that needs to be added here is that the procedure in which my client (Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC) following by charges 30% more to delivering the appliances and electronics to the customer's door-to-door and the fact that his salespeople intended or might have been instructed by Mr. Takem not to mention it to the customers. Despite the fact that my client, Mr. Takem, intentionally instructed them to mention the 30% increase or not, while he is the owner of the business and all of his employees should follow his instructions. The court might obtain this conclusion from his business conduct and count this against him as a form of misleading, uncommunicated as one of the criteria to validate a contract, misrepresentation, misrepresentation fraudulent or other entrance to breach this contract or similar contract since the court will incline for the advantage of the plaintiff (Ms. Walker) party of this contract against my client (Mr. Takem). As we go more through Ms. Walker's letter while she emphasizes that she is going to sue for punitive damages, whereas, punitive damages cannot normally be granted in contract disputes, here I wouldn't worry about this phrase either my client (Mr. Takem), as this is merely a threaten word in Ms. Walker's letter. However, this part in some case could be unpredictable, and because they are usually compensated in addition of the plaintiff's demonstrable injuries, and are awarded only in distinct cases, but to act as a prudent defends of my client (Mr. Takem) we need to supply him with the sound of law regarding this point, as a part of a lawyer due diligence where â€Å"Jurors award punitive damages too often. The amounts they award are erratic and unpredictable, even though they start from shared moral intuitions about the reprehensibility of defendants' conduct. And when they deliberate and decide as juries, both the size and variability of the awards increase.† Feigenson, N. R. 2003). It's ambiguities which need to be corrected proximately before any serious consequences superficial. Furthermore, the major ambiguity in the business operated in this case is the lack of transparency in its transactions with their customers; this absence of transparency is most deceptive in the prices and the percentages of charge that they put on their products and their services. This lack of transparency, when visible, could cause serious issues to any business, and, an educated customer could very easily take them to court for misconduct and misleading if they don't change their method and honestly advise their customers of their business perfect. Should he Proceed with the Collection? To give my legal advice, I would recommend that my client (Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC) not to proceed with any further steps in collecting the remaining payments from Ms. Walker. However, this might result in having other customers doing the same as Ms. Walker. Which is refusing to pay and threatening Mr. Takem again by suing his business and sending letters to media to ruin his business reputation. We would advise that Mr. Takem take longer period of time than usual before making any efforts for future collection in general, I would propose that Mr. Takem take an initial step by offering a payment discount for certain customers with some certain conditions with that he can plan ahead of time for his future project of establishing his own financing company, in main time this will participate in reshape his reputation in the area and encourage his customers to pay one time. â€Å"Keeping the aforementioned trends, Takem needs to go beyond the literal meaning of the law and let go of unfair and /or fraudulent corporate conduct; this includes false advertising and/or ambiguous sales deals† â€Å"(Realistic Hypothetical Legal Scenarios Business Law for Accountants†, 2013) Would Mr. Takem Set up a Financing Company? And what Should he do to Protect himself?I would strongly recommend that Mr. Takem should go ahead in adopting this step, in order to prevent and protect his business from any future consequences. But the best would be if he can collaborate with an outside financing company to take over this portion of his business, in a separate entity form, to avoid and mitigate future obligations and losing his customers. Alternatively, seeking for an external collection agency to handle in arrears or uncollected payments. â€Å"Seeking a collection agency-or evaluating the one you have-can improve bottom-line results while maintaining your professional image. Overall, be sure to find a company that delivers results and matches the image you want to project. Use this list as a guide of what to expect† (Anonymous, 2015). With this step-in mind Mr. Takem should put more consideration to the law that regulates and the requirement to establish this kind of business from the participation of the comprehensive openness, full disclosure and the complete condition associated with any arrangement. Finally, he wants to Know What do you Think About his Business Model- Regardless of whether you Conclude that it is Legal, is it Moral/Ethical?I believe the majority of us will agree in response to Mr. Takem's ethics, and the way he is conducting his business is unethical, according to the given case events. Unethical behavior that is not illegal frequently falls in a grey area between right and wrong that makes it difficult to decide what to do when it is encountered. Furthermore, different people have different perspectives regarding what is ethical and what is unethical. Though, there is sometimes a difference between behaviors that are unethical and activities that are actually illegal. â€Å"The definition of business ethics and the answer to the question of â€Å"What is Business Ethics in Sales?† is the principles, morals and standards that guide the behavior in the world of business and in sales relationships too (Spro, 2013). Ethics in sales is receiving a lot of attention over recent years even more so, as it is the correct way to conduct business in the long term and produce long-term sales results for the company and for the sales team. Moreover, â€Å"Business ethics in sales can either come from the company itself, this means that the companies ethics guidelines are written into their policies and therefore can be reflected or reproduced through their sales team management and then the sales team too† (Ivan, C. D. 2014). Therefore, â€Å"Doubt regarding corporate commitment to ethical obligations has always existed, particularly when maximization of profits might be at risk. However, despite such doubt two views have singled hope. First, a view has persisted that corporations at least feel compelled to comply with the law. At times violations of law might occur. However, this was not thought to be the pattern of behavior for corporations generally. Conscious violation of law was not the behavior expected. Second, a view has begun to be echoed that business corporations are increasingly cognizant of ethical obligations beyond literal compliance with law, and increasingly feel compelled to act accordingly† (Di Lorenzo, V. J Bus Ethics, 2007).

Consciousness Essay

1. Explain how the use of substances alters a person’s state of consciousness, including depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Include in this explanation what happens to the neurotransmitters and body chemicals as well as how you might recognize whether a person at work or in your family is in an altered state of consciousness due to the influence of drugs. Stimulants can be used to speed up the central nervous system making a person fell more alert and aware of their surroundings. Depressants are the opposites and reduce the activity of the nervous system and produce a feeling of calm and/or â€Å"taking the edge off†. Hallucinogenics can be used to make an individual have hallucinations and have distortions in space and time. The use of drugs can cause the neurotransmitters to stop the production of certain chemicals need for healthy brain function. The blockage of second messengers, which are the chemical and electrical process which that occur in the receiving neuron, make the user need to take more of the drug in order to try to reproduce the affect on the brain. Some of the signs of use can be physical such as: rapid weight gain or loss, random eye movement, enlarged pupils, uncontrolled muscle movement, and redness of eyes. Changes and mood and behavior doing things that are out of the norm. Also great shifts in emotional stability from being very excited and happy to being depressed and suicidal. 2. This question has five parts. One of the cornerstones of Freudian theory is the concept of the unconscious not to be confused with the state of being knocked unconscious by a blow to the head or an altered state of consciousness. (a) What did Freud mean by the concept of the unconscious? (b) When is it beneficial for much of our behavior to be unconscious? (c) When is it not beneficial? (d) If much of our behavior is unconscious, can you recognize unconscious behavior in yourself and in others? (e) How would you know behavior was unconsciously driven? Refer Back to Chapter 13, which we studied in Week 6. a) The unconscious mind can guides a persons behavior and cause them to do things their conscious mind does not recognize. b) It is beneficial for  thins such as self preservation and helping us avoid danger and staying alive in search of food, water and shelter. c) When they become dangerous to others because the need for these things are being sought without regard to consequences. d) Some times the can be recognized after the fact when someone goes back and analysis the situation also if we have experienced it before. e) By the ability to recall the decision behind the particular behavior. 3. Group think is a concept that involves individuals abandoning their critical senses and agreeing to group process even when they know it will have disastrous consequences. (Challenger disaster, Enron, Iraq war, etc.). Your will encounter these pressures in your work life and need to be prepared. Have you ever done something in a group that you would not have done if you were alone? What happened? How did you feel? What have you learned from this chapter that might help you avoid this behavior in the future, and avoid group think? I have done things in a group that I would most certainly not do alone. The result were never good, even when I was never reprimanded I was left with a feeling of quilt and remorse. Two thing I think can help me the most in the future is to seek an outside opinion that doesn’t have the same group mentality and also they have an impartial leader whom can see the fact and not the people or personalities. 4. How does prejudice develop and how might it be supported in families and in the work place? Do you believe that you are free from prejudice? After reading this chapter, which of the many factors that cause prejudice do you think is most important to change? Prejudice is seen as an attitude that is formed a through direct instruction, modeling, and other social influences on learning. Basically it is taught from some authority figure in the family or at work. I do not believe that I am prejudice free because I can still find my self making snap judgments about certain people before I truly know them. I think social comparison is most important to change. In order to have true equality I feel it is important to not to tear down one group just to make another feel better about itself.

Dispicable thats all you can decribe it. You look around and its like the population of man has been wiped out. Essays

Dispicable thats all you can decribe it. You look around and its like the population of man has been wiped out. Essays Dispicable thats all you can decribe it. You look around and its like the population of man has been wiped out. Essay Dispicable thats all you can decribe it. You look around and its like the population of man has been wiped out. Essay Essay Topic: As You Like it Dispicable thats all you can decribe it. You look around and its like the population of man has been wiped out. News papers blowing in the wind glass bottles struned about, needles and everything you can thing of just left on the floor. Not a persons footstep can be hurd. Not a childs lafter. Slience thats all, complete silence, And the reason for the deadly silence is that its 6.30. No one dare go out or make a sound after this time. Six months ago the place would have been buzzin with life on a warm day like this but now that cannot be. To explain why we would have to go back about a year to 2020, when things were just starting to look bright. Carla applyed a last coat of mascara and looked in the mirro t check her jeans were fiting right, her top wasnt creased and that she was looking fine. It was a tippical friday night and she was goin out with her friends, the wind was blowing and it was drisseling out side but that didnt bother her. She shouted goodbye to her mum as she shut the door and headed down the road to the park were they all met. There was about 20 of them that met up every friday, She waled down the bumpy path to the darkened park were there was alredy about 10 people laffing and gigleing. hey, anyone got anything yet? shouted carla. Not yet, we are goin for sum now someone out of the group. The group set off down to the offlicence and hung about outside asking general people if they would go in for them. This was an anoying thing for older people who did not like to be asked, it took about fithteen minutes before a reluctant peron who felt threatened but the every growing gang to agree to go in the shop for them. Once the gang had all there alcohol they set off back down to the park to get completly drunk and wait for Sip to come down. They called the tall dark man Sip as they didnt know his name or anythign about him, Sip stood for someone inparticular. They hung about the park being noisy and getin ever more drunk as they consumed deadly ammount of spirits mixed with numerous ammounts of other things. Then about nine thirty SIP came down everyone rushed to greet him and buy some stuff of him Carla bought some new pills he had and took them on top of the huge ammout of vodka and wkd she had drunk. soon she was starting to feel ill and didnt like what was happeneing. The next thing she remebers was waking up in hospital. Her friend Pippa was there and explained the poliece has come down and Broke up there fun, (noting usual there they seemed to spend every friday night just breaking up groups of underage drinkers) they had found Carla slumped on a bench semi conshious and has rushed her to hospital. This kind of thing was happeneing to so many teens each week that the government was getin anchious and needed to do something about it. They decided that there would be no way to stop it and they actually go quite alot of tax off it. They decided to legalise underage drinking and certain drugs but they would make safe places for the teens to do it in. A few months later the first UADC (under age drinking club) was opened near to wear Carla lived. All the group that usually went on the park was now goin to go there with parental permission. Again Carla took one last look at herself in the mirror and shouted goodbye as she went throught the door. There group headed off up the road all buzzing with excitment at what it would be like. they got there and there was tvs, dvds all sorts of things and most important a bar. They enjoyed it the first cuppleof times then th novelty started to wear off but they still contined to go, the only problem was that they were only allowed so much and on the streets they were alowed what they wanted. The people who run the place soon saw the lack ofinterest and how some of the teens wernt coming anymore so they decide to up the ammout they could have and thought opening it on a saturday as well as a friday would help. As it was not proving to be a sucsess they opened it on a wednestday in the hope more teens would come and they did moreand more were sending all there money they had on drink. This came with its problems. It was thursday and Carla and Pippa had no money for the next night at the UADC neither did alot of her friends. Carla and pippa decided to pinch some money from a dish in Carals kitchen were her mum kept the shopping money. This was just were things started to go wrong. At the club they allowed the teens to smoke marajuana. Carla needed money for this as well. Some of the group decided to get some stronger drugs off Sip and then go to the club; this soom cought on and all most everyone from the group that hung about on the park was doing it. If they couldnt have as much alchol as they used to they would compremise they would have srong drugs befor and then go to the club have marajuana and drink beer. As more teens came the club added some more days so now it was open friday,saturday,monday,wednesday. Caral and her friends had no money they had been going to the club for about 3 months and had spent all there saving. One day Carla and Pippa went into the town and stole some thing ou t of the shops and then sold them at school to get money for the drugs and alchol. They didnt see them selfs as addicted but actuallt there was about 100 teens that were all addicted to drungs and alchol the crime level was soring. The governmet had to do somethign they closed down the UADC emmidiatly but didnt knwo what else to do. Carla and her friends were skipping school as there hangovers were to bad in a moring to go. After they had recoved from there hangovers they went out into town to stal some things to sell on for dung and beer money it was a vishios circle and when the club was closed they just went back to goin ot the park and anywere on the streets. Soon everyone moved on from shops to houses were there was gold and jewls worth alot more. People were terrifed to go out the teens were out of controle people were mugged and if they had nothin beeten up. There cravings drove them to do the lowest of things. Reversing the legisation made thigns worse as they just went out on to the streets in houseing ares left bottles and needles. People learnt that about 6pm the teens (that has squatted in peoples houses removing the families) came out of there comatosed states and were craving for more alchol and drugs. people didnt wak around or draw attention to there houses throught fear of attack. the government now has to pay the price of a contry living in fear and teens ever more growing to controle the areas they lived in.

Slavery in the Roman Republic essays

Slavery in the Roman Republic essays Harshly treated, often to the point of death, the slaves of the Roman Republic led a less than envious life. The slaves were such a repressed and overwrought people, that their only relief came from rebellion or death. The character of slavery under the early Romans was especially brutal in Sicily. Greek historian Diodorus Siculus details the treatment and impact of slavery on the moral character of both slaves and masters. As the Roman Republic expanded, so did the number of slaves. The slaves were most likely prisoners of war from the countries conquered by Rome. Other sources for slavery included criminals, debtors, and those captured by pirates to be sold at the slave market. Slavery was usually an inherited hardship similar to American slavery. Yet, unlike Americas history with slavery, Roman slavery was not the result of racial injustice. A variety of nationalities representing the conquered by Rome made up the slave class. Different attributes of slaves were actually sought at the slave market; ...black Africans and blond Germans were particular favorites. Other factors determining the value of a slave included their demeanor, age, and sex. The slaves of the Roman Republic performed a variety of duties. The slaves catered to the needs of the elite, tended the fields of those of modest fortunes and toiled in the mines of Iberia. For the productiveness of a slave, many Roman masters found a kind hand to be better than a harsh one. But there were also those who thought that the slaves must be harshly treated to perform to the masters expectations. In Sicily, the slave owners subjected the slaves to inhumane treatment on a broad scale. Slaves in Sicily were branded with the mark of their owner upon being purchased at market and were shackled in iron. Sicilian slaves received only a minimal amount of food and clothing to survive. Some slaves being punis...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis also known as ALS or Lou Gehrigs disease is a disease. This disease attacks nerve cell and pathways to the brain and the spain cord. The nerve cells that are being attacked control muscle function that control the body mean all motor function as well. When these cell get attacked the start to die off as a result to treat the muscles in the body start to weaken and cause difficulty with speaking, swallowing and breathing. This disease can cause people to stop breathing as well. It is a rare disease that only 20,000 to 30,000 people in the USA are found with this disease. However it is the most common motor mondo disease among adults. About 5,000 people is diagnosed with this disease per year. It normale shown in people in the age of 40 to 60 but there are some causes that people have it when younger. Men are more likely to get this disease than women. There is a 5 to 10 percent chance that that this disease can be hereditary. If a parent has ALS there i s a 50 percent chances that there child will get this disease. They also found out that in certain places there are is a lower rate of people with ALS these countries include Mexico, Poland and Italy. People with ALS lives has been improving a bit with the new teacher that is being found out about it but this diese still is hard for families and individuals. Today about 10 percent of patients live over ten years after being diagnosed. Twenty live up to five years and more. Then fifty percent of pantion live three years or more. However 80 percent of passion die between two and five years after diagnostic. No one for sure know how ALS caused and who can be expected to get ALS. In most cases about 90 to 95 percent of them do not have a known cause. Some teachers are looking at different thing that they believe may be the cause of ALS. One belief it that is a gene mutation. They found out that various genetic mutations can lead to inherited ALS. This causes nearly the same symptoms as the non inherited form. Then there is chemical imbalances that they are looking at, people with ALS generally have higher level of glutamate. Glutamate is a chemical messenger in the brain and is ar ound the nerve cells in spinal fluid. Too much this chemical can be toxic to some nerve cells. They are also looking into disorganized immune response. This is when an individual immune system states eating there own normal cells. By this the body can start to kill it cell and may even kill itself. There evening looking at mishandling protein. Mishandled proteins within the nerve cells may lead to abnormal forms of proteins in these cells. By this it can cause nerve cells to be destroyed. They are also looking into smoking, Environmental toxin exposure and people in the military service. The diagnostic procedure for AlS is a complicated one. There is not one test or one procedure used to diagnose ALS. It can take up to a year or more to be diagnosed with ALS. To diagnosis ALS lab testing will be done. This includes blood, unian and thyroid function test to be performed. Another thing that is used is Muscle and or never biopsy. Which is where a piece of tissues is removed from a living body and is examined to see if anything look out of the ordinary. A spinal tap can be done as well. This is when the fluid in the spinal cord is evaluated by withdrawing some of that fluid from the spain. X-rays, MRI, and electro diagnostic test could and most likely be done as well to look at the muscles. The signs and symptoms of AlS. The first symptoms of this disease can go unnoticed. However, when time passes on the symptoms become worse. The cell start to die muscles start to weaken and muscle control can stop working.Arm and legs and usually the first to be affected. The starter to become weaker and The indulge with this disease ma y not be able to hold their own weight up evationly and my not be able to move there arms. Arm, shoulder, and the tongue can twitch and cramp. Feet and the ankle can start having less control and can not support ones weight. Breathing can become short and shalwar. The individual may need help with brother further on with this disease. THey may have a hard time swallowing and also may aspirate or inhale food and saliva in the lungs and chock. Most of these people with ALS dis by respiratory failures. Someone with ALS can become paralyzed and may not be able to speak. However ALS normally does not affect the five sense. Which is seeing, hearing, smell, taste and touch along with those the ability to think. There are different types of ALS and each type has there own symtoms that can very. One of the most common ALS in the Classical ALS this ALS affects upper and lower motor neurons cells. It affect more than two-thirds of people who Have ALS. Primary Lateral Sclerosis also known as PLS is a type of ALS. It also the rarest of all the type. The upper neurons is affected firs t. The lower neurons may not be affected for another 2 years but it normal affects the upper neurons the most. Progressive Bulbar Palsy i also know as PBP. This type of ALS starts to affect spanking, chewing and clawing first due to lower motor neurons deteriorate. About one fourth of people with ALS will get this type of ALS. Progressive Muscular Atrophy also known as PMA. This type the lower motor neurons is affected first and in about two years the upper neurons can be affect or may not be affected at all. This type normal stay in the lower neron. The last type that is known is Familial. This is a hereditary type of ALS five to ten percent of people in the USA can be affected. It is a fifty chance that if a parent has this disease it can be passed down to the children. There is not a lot of treatment. There is no cure for this disease. There is a medication that adds three to two ,months to someone life however all the symptoms are still there. They can also take other drug but this is to help cope with physical pain or mental health. People who has ALS can develop depression and can have panic attacks. They can take a physical therapy, occupational therapy and ar rehabilitation therapy. This is to try to help prevent joints from becoming imbolo and to try to slow down muscles weakness and anatomy. Living with ALS can become very difficult to that individual and for the people around them. Depending what type of ALS they have can have different effect. For they induvegele that need help breathing they may need a ventilation machine. They could also get An aneurysm diaphragm pacer system implanted in them that helps the diaphragm to move so the individual can breathe. There are also other thing that can be down to help with an indvical to breath. continuous positive airway pressure, bi-level positive airway pressure and tracheostomy are also some other thing that can help with people who need help breathing. When people start to lose the ability to speak they have to rely on technology and or other people to communicate for them. There also can be eating dificalcation. For these people the may need special cups and or silver where to eat and drink with. They may need a feeding tube or even go on a spection diet so they can eat. Cost of this disease can be very pricey. Medicare, equipment needed and even home health care can be expensive. It is important to look into health plan coverage and other programs for which an individual may be eligible for to help pay for the cost. Some of the thing that someone can look into is Social Security Disability, Medicare, Medicaid, and Veteran Affairs benefits. Due to the fact more people are learning about ALS more reacher is being done to understand this diese and to stop it from affecting people lives. One group that is doing fresher for this disease is the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke or NINDS for short. They are the lead suporter of biomedical reaches in the world they look at the brain and nervous system. They are looking at the development and progress of this disease. They are also trying to figure out what people can be affected by ALS. They are looking into different thing they believe can be causes. One of theses is cellular defects. These scientists are trying to figure out how ALS- cause gene mutation and why it happens. They are trying to figure out how they mutation and have ir destruction of the neurons. TO do this they are using models to test this theory this includes fruit flies, zebrafish, and rodents. They found out that depending on what gene that it affect it affects a certain motor motion. THey also discovered that when a mutation motor neurons death and the defences in the cell because of this. Something they found is that that is affected is RNA molecules of processing and recycling of proteins is affect. They also found out some nerves cell can become inflamed and that can also play a big role in why the nerves cells die. They are also looking a stem cells. Saints would take blood and or skin form an indivagle with ALS and turn them to stem cells. By this the cells can become any type of cell in the indivages body including motor cells. That can replace the the mutated cells. ALS has affect quite a few peoples lives one person that it was Lou Gehrig. Which the disease can also be known as the Lou gehrig disease. He was a famous baseball player who was diagnosed with ALS at the age of 36. He was played for the New York Yankee as a first baseman. He had a record that stood for 60 years. It was the most consecutive baseball games played. Cause of this record he was known as Iron name. He had to retire in 1939 and died in 1941 due to the disease. Another person who was affected by this disease was Stephen Hawking. He is the longest person who have ever lived with this disease. Against odds he has lived over 40 years with ALS and he is still alive. He was diagnosed at that age of 21 and was told he was going to die before his 25 birthday. He is now 76. He is a scientist and is known as one of the most intelligent man alive. There are many other peopel who has been affected Kevin Tuner who was an american football fullback for eight seasons for the New England Patratirce and Philidaphina Egles.Stephen Hillenburg. He was an american cartooniestg, animation and a former marien biologiest. He was the creatrer of the telivtion searise of spongebob squarpants. He also directed it, pruduced it and witten it. SPreading Awareness of this disease became a goal to many. Many people did not hear of it. So in 2014 a former baseball college student Pete Frates that was diagnosed with ALS in 2012 at the age of 29. He wanted to bring awareness and to help get more money for rashy=church so he started the Ice Bucket changed. So far over 1.2 million people participated in this challenge. The ice bucket change is where a bucket of ice water dumped over their head and then donate money to the cuse . Since July 29, 2014, the ALS Association national office reported collecting $13.3 million in donations in the USA and counting was in 2014.

On completing your HND, you are hired as a Trainee Manager by Assignment

On completing your HND, you are hired as a Trainee Manager by Excelsior PLC, an international hotel chain. The job offers business experience, management development and future opportunities - Assignment Example When disputes arise, it would be very difficult and sometimes impossible for the parties to enforce their legal rights due to lack of evidence. In written contracts parties sign to signify commitment. If disputes arise, signed document accordingly serves as a source of information to apportion liability (Treitel, 2003). Written contracts are preferable to oral contracts when the subject matter is complex necessitating constant reference to the agreement. Online contracts also form legally binding agreements. The main benefits of online contracts are convenience and cheaper as parties save time and resources needed to meet. A party can offer inaccurate information to induce the other into action. It may later lead to the contract being void or voidable (Furmston, 2003). A valid contract was not formed. When a seller advertises prices, it is not strictly treated as a unilateral offer that can be accepted by a specified action. Instead the advertisement is treated as an invitation to treat and the seller reserves the right to sell to whoever he prefers at a higher or lower price from the stated price. Cheltenham Hotel should be ready to compensate the guest as the courts will most likely find it liable for the loss of her fur coat. The contract is on sided. The hotel is guilty of concealing the information regarding the responsibility of the guest to take care of her property. It would not be reasonable for the guest to see the small print with the warning. Downtown hotel does have a claim under the contract. Similar to the case in 2.2 above, the term limiting liability to  £10000 renders the contract one sided. Enforcing this term gives the supplier the onus to be careless with the software knowing that they cannot be forced to pay more than  £10000. A contract without limits of liability is better than the current one as the supplier is obligated to make good of any shortcomings of the

Restaurant With A Difference Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Restaurant With A Difference Case Study - Essay Example The presence of combination of thoughts of both is necessary in the strategies they adopt for implementing in their restaurant business. Any business including restaurant depends on finding the fact that customer really wants. In that sense, Mark is correct and he devised a way to know what most of the customers like to have. Gross. T. Scott cites Tom Peters' MBWA (management by walking) that helps in finding out what customers want. Mark's proposal is a combination of both technology and walking to the customers that is followed by a system that finds out the most favored dish by the customer. (Gross, T. Scott, 2004) However, a strategy is necessary with the proposal of Mark as Restaurant business involves innumerous number of food service operations. There is still market for a new comer with innovative ideas in food-service business. The strategies regarding Restaurant business of Mark and Jenny will help in keeping in view the changing lifestyles and driving the surge in food service business. However, the strategy regarding serving the fresh food is absent in the idea of Mark and they have to include that aspect into the strategy of their restaurant business. In addition to serving on cite, the restaurant has to find more methods to sell the food that needs no dishes to wash if used at home. This needs new packaging techniques for the food that is sold as a parcel. This is keeping view the fact that the singles, working parents and elderly demand a greater convenience in buying their meals and are turning to operations that provide that convenience. Therefore, the operations of restaurant bu siness of Mark and Jenny should include innovative food service and packaging procedures. One more aspect that needs attention in the strategy is planning as lack of planning may result in losses in I year of the initiation of the business. The important aspects in the strategy of the restaurant business are quality food, good service and great people to serve. The strategies should keep in view the diners you can satisfy. In this aspect, Mark is right and Jenny is little bit pessimistic. As no body can please everybody, the important aspect in the strategy of a new restaurant business is to find out the real percentage of the customers you can attract and the percentage of the market you can capture. When you are targeting on casual food customers, you may not be perfect in attracting formal customers. So, one has to keep in view the type of customers and percentage of market they are going to target. (Lynn, Jacquelyn, 2001) Human Resources Any successful entrepreneurs in Hotel/Restaurant Business have to embrace key principles to determine the customer's expectation and in that sense, Mark's approach and idea is up to the mark. The Human Resources should maintain quality initiative. The strategies depend on initiatives. The appropriate management, business balance, performance challenges are the aspects that need consideration while framing Human Resource strategies. The HR strategies should include the employee encouragement techniques that can increase the quality that employees offer (D'Annunzio-Green, Norma (Editor), 2002). Technology Necessary for Restaurant The foremost technology that is necessary for every business is

Information System Briefing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information System Briefing - Essay Example It is crucial to involve the stakeholders in selecting and acquiring the planned information system to ensure participative decision-making. We intend to engage in an intensive planning before we embark on the purchasing process. Planning will involve searching for information concerning the anticipated information system, assigning the purchase tasks to the team concerned with the implementation, setting task priorities and putting in place reminders of the project duration. The planning involves an analysis of information and workflows that are critical to the development of system architectures necessary to meet the needs of the business (Evelyn, 2010). Our organization wants to purchase the best system for enhancing quality of service delivery. The process of selecting will require results from properly conducted research. All nurses and caregivers will be required to contribute to the selection process; our organization performs duties on the foundations of democracy to prevent negative reactions from the users. After selection, the system will be purchased from the vendor who wins the tender. The installation of the new system will follow the parallel implementation conversion strategy. According to (Evelyn, 2010), there is usually an overlap period where both the old and the new information systems will need to run concurrently. Parallel implementation means operating the new and old systems side by side until the new systems confirms reliability (Hovenga, 2010); this is when the old system will be discontinued. Evaluating the information system will involve an ongoing process of testing the performance of the information and determine whether it meets the predetermined standards. The information collected will provide a foundation for collecting the performance requirements, creating performance testing

Atrial Fibrillation Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Atrial Fibrillation - Article Example Possible causes that give rise to AF include comorbidities like hypertension, coronary ischemia, heart failure and obstructive sleep apnoea. The characteristic features of electrical remodelling are alterations in atrial refractoriness, atrial conduction and sinus node function. This happens very quickly and is considered possible to reverse. Loss of contractility results from the contractile remodelling that happens in AF and like electrical remodelling happens very quickly. Reduction in the release of systolic calcium ions is believed to contribute to this change. Myolysis or the loss of sarcomeres is also a likely candidate for this change. The consequences of contractile remodelling are thrombus formation and atrial dilation. Advance of AF may be caused by contractile remodelling through the coexistence of multiple wavelets. Reversing contractility changes takes longer than in the case of reversing electrical remodelling changes possible because of the time involved in the replacement of lost sarcomeres. Persistent AF has been associated with the structural changes within the atria. Many of these changes are consider ed to be irreversible. Evidence from animal studies suggests that these changes occur more slowly than the changes that occur from electrical and contractile remodelling and primarily reflect dedifferentiation. The striking changes seen in animal models are increased cell size, myolysis, and the collection of glycogen around the nucleus of the cell. From the limited data from humans there is indication that degenerative changes may occur (Cohen & Naccarelli, 2008). Management of AF is a three pronged strategy. The first is of the prongs is anticoagulation. Use of anticoagulation is guided by the CHAD scoring system set forth by the American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and the European Society of cardiology. When the AF patient has any one of these

Aspects of the Fundamentals of Speech Class in APA Style Essay

Aspects of the Fundamentals of Speech Class in APA Style - Essay Example The exchange of thoughts, messages, or information by speech is very crucial in our daily lives.The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language states that communication is â€Å"The art and technique of using words effectively to impart information or ideas†. Speech is used in our everyday lives, whether or not we realize it. It is not something that we learn in school and will never implement in real life. One who can communicate more effectively will more likely gain better success in all areas-personal, academic, and professional of life. Speech, or public speaking, involves organizing ideas, researching these ideas, and presenting them to others. We all have many, many ideas about what we would like to speak about. The difficult part is narrowing it all down to one idea, or topic. The best way to do this is to choose a topic that you are familiar with and interested in. Use resources such as magazine articles, books, newspapers, television shows, conversations with people, etc. to help gain ideas. Knowing how to choose the best topic, narrowing it down, and researching (learning more about various subjects) are skills that can improve my daily communication such as talking with a friend, discussing a topic with a professor, or trying to land a job with an employer. employer. Fundamentals of Speech 3 Determine what the purpose of your speech. Will you be speaking to inform and to offer information or will you be writing to try and persuade Informing is to give facts and information without adding personal opinion. Persuading is to try and change the attitudes and thoughts of your listeners in order to get them to act upon what you have said in your speech. The skill of delivering information in a manner that is interesting yet informative and the power of persuasions helps my listeners to believe what I say. Speech helps me to be a better storyteller and makes me more social in my personal life. As I can communicate better verbally, I am more secure about myself and others want to listen. Professionally and academically this knowledge of delivering information and to be able to persuade others using speech is an extremely effective tool that will lead to my success whether I am in class, at an entry level position, or an executive position in the workplace. The best speeches contain your own experience and knowledge of the chosen topic. Use information from materials such as books, magazines, reference materials, etc. from various sources. Libraries contain a wealth of information. Interviews, the internet and visiting various locations can provide the necessary information. Be sure to take good notes and to give credit to the author of the information that you will be using. Researching and listing references (or where you got the material) will add credibility to your speech especially if you are doing a persuasive speech. Learning more about various subjects helps me to be able to relate to almost anyone. I can appreciate what they are talking about since I am familiar with their conversation. Researching is a skill that is required in speech, which helps me be more open-minded and knowledgeable. As I am Fundamentals of Speech 4 can relate to others better, they will open up and can relate to me more for they know that I am interested in what they are saying. Academically and professionally, I will also do well since I will know my roles/job better. If I have a problem, I can research it and if I still cannot find the answers, I am able to communicate my issues more effectively. If there is a conflict, I can work my way through it by delivering my point of view better without stuttering, showing anger, confusion, etc. This will build up my self esteem and I will feel more secure and it will

Information System Briefing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information System Briefing - Essay Example It is crucial to involve the stakeholders in selecting and acquiring the planned information system to ensure participative decision-making. We intend to engage in an intensive planning before we embark on the purchasing process. Planning will involve searching for information concerning the anticipated information system, assigning the purchase tasks to the team concerned with the implementation, setting task priorities and putting in place reminders of the project duration. The planning involves an analysis of information and workflows that are critical to the development of system architectures necessary to meet the needs of the business (Evelyn, 2010). Our organization wants to purchase the best system for enhancing quality of service delivery. The process of selecting will require results from properly conducted research. All nurses and caregivers will be required to contribute to the selection process; our organization performs duties on the foundations of democracy to prevent negative reactions from the users. After selection, the system will be purchased from the vendor who wins the tender. The installation of the new system will follow the parallel implementation conversion strategy. According to (Evelyn, 2010), there is usually an overlap period where both the old and the new information systems will need to run concurrently. Parallel implementation means operating the new and old systems side by side until the new systems confirms reliability (Hovenga, 2010); this is when the old system will be discontinued. Evaluating the information system will involve an ongoing process of testing the performance of the information and determine whether it meets the predetermined standards. The information collected will provide a foundation for collecting the performance requirements, creating performance testing

Aspects of the Fundamentals of Speech Class in APA Style Essay

Aspects of the Fundamentals of Speech Class in APA Style - Essay Example The exchange of thoughts, messages, or information by speech is very crucial in our daily lives.The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language states that communication is â€Å"The art and technique of using words effectively to impart information or ideas†. Speech is used in our everyday lives, whether or not we realize it. It is not something that we learn in school and will never implement in real life. One who can communicate more effectively will more likely gain better success in all areas-personal, academic, and professional of life. Speech, or public speaking, involves organizing ideas, researching these ideas, and presenting them to others. We all have many, many ideas about what we would like to speak about. The difficult part is narrowing it all down to one idea, or topic. The best way to do this is to choose a topic that you are familiar with and interested in. Use resources such as magazine articles, books, newspapers, television shows, conversations with people, etc. to help gain ideas. Knowing how to choose the best topic, narrowing it down, and researching (learning more about various subjects) are skills that can improve my daily communication such as talking with a friend, discussing a topic with a professor, or trying to land a job with an employer. employer. Fundamentals of Speech 3 Determine what the purpose of your speech. Will you be speaking to inform and to offer information or will you be writing to try and persuade Informing is to give facts and information without adding personal opinion. Persuading is to try and change the attitudes and thoughts of your listeners in order to get them to act upon what you have said in your speech. The skill of delivering information in a manner that is interesting yet informative and the power of persuasions helps my listeners to believe what I say. Speech helps me to be a better storyteller and makes me more social in my personal life. As I can communicate better verbally, I am more secure about myself and others want to listen. Professionally and academically this knowledge of delivering information and to be able to persuade others using speech is an extremely effective tool that will lead to my success whether I am in class, at an entry level position, or an executive position in the workplace. The best speeches contain your own experience and knowledge of the chosen topic. Use information from materials such as books, magazines, reference materials, etc. from various sources. Libraries contain a wealth of information. Interviews, the internet and visiting various locations can provide the necessary information. Be sure to take good notes and to give credit to the author of the information that you will be using. Researching and listing references (or where you got the material) will add credibility to your speech especially if you are doing a persuasive speech. Learning more about various subjects helps me to be able to relate to almost anyone. I can appreciate what they are talking about since I am familiar with their conversation. Researching is a skill that is required in speech, which helps me be more open-minded and knowledgeable. As I am Fundamentals of Speech 4 can relate to others better, they will open up and can relate to me more for they know that I am interested in what they are saying. Academically and professionally, I will also do well since I will know my roles/job better. If I have a problem, I can research it and if I still cannot find the answers, I am able to communicate my issues more effectively. If there is a conflict, I can work my way through it by delivering my point of view better without stuttering, showing anger, confusion, etc. This will build up my self esteem and I will feel more secure and it will

American football and sound Intellectual thinking Essay Example for Free

American football and sound Intellectual thinking Essay Ive always been told i was too small, Im not big enough, not fast enough and that i dont have what it takes. But to stay there for four years straight was necessary, blood was necessary and the occasional tear as necessary/ But on the field i prepare so no one can make up my mind but myself. And once my mind is made up NOBODY can stop me. You can try any move you want and even try to out run me but i can promise you one thing, that as long as Im on the field your only destination is the turf. Football is not something you take lightly its a Mans Game. The only thing that will get you hurt is playing stupid and being soft. Benefits of playing football: It is one of the most popular and widespread games in the world It is provin by sports specialists that football players are the ones with the strongest extremities and very sound intellectual thinking, to be successful on the field but also in life. You have to have discipline , passion and commitment with everything you do , and football will hep you with that. Concentration is also another thing mastered when you play football. Its also the top most vital element that we need in life. For Example: When we are preparing for a test When we are out on the field Football will not only help with competitive and efficiency as a player also teach you the right and appropriate attitude to have. Communication is a major benefit when playing football: No communication= Fail ! So if you dont communicate you will fail and if you fail that means your not hungry for greatness and if your not hungry for greatness it means your ok with being mediocre. And if that was the case for me.. i wouldnt be standing here with these trophies. This is what success looks like.

The Virgin And The Gypsy, D.H. Lawrence

The Virgin And The Gypsy, D.H. Lawrence The novel The Virgin and the Gypsy was found in France after David Herbert Lawrences death in 1930. Immediately recognized as a masterpiece in which Lawrence had distilled and purified his ideas about sexuality and morality, The Virgin and the Gypsy has become a classic and is one of Lawrences most electrifying short novels. It has been published as it was found, which was probably incomplete. The story has some rough edges that undoubtedly would have been smoothed with more rewriting. The book raises interesting questions about what love, proper behavior, and life are all about. In this book, Lawrence is in usual top form in describing the longing of a young girl, a virgin, for the slightly unconventional. Her vision of her future being a stayed and commonplace marriage to one of the local boys of character and money, she longs for something else before that fate befalls her. She does find that love, very much by accident. She comes across a Gypsy and she falls deeply and viscerally in love with him. Yet, she is coy and she is proper about it. Although she badly wishes to be with him, she understands the potential scandal of such a union. Her father being one that is a non-believer, despite his position as the rector; she sees his revulsion for those things of the body. The rectors wife had left him for an impoverished boy. She sought something the rector just could not provide to her. Even though she was his everything, he was not able to make her feel the love she wished deeply even to her bones. Her daughter too felt that there was more than just the future she envisioned. She felt that it was not a matter that could be ignored. It was a matter that had to be satisfied and soon. But how to do so, without being seen as a prostitute by her own family; that was the mystery and the beauty of the book. Finally, amongst a great flood and terror that is more frightful than can be imagined, she finds herself with the Gypsy in her own bedroom, safe from the outside world of people because of the isolation and protection afforded by an unanticipated flood. Here she makes the passionate love to him that she had heretofore only dreamed about. Here she becomes a woman, and becomes a lover at the same time. As always, Lawrence fills the text with serious metaphor and memory. He uses symbolism, systematically revealing the undercurrents of his characters huge love and anticipation with thinly veiled double entendres and images. This book is specifically recommended for Lawrence readers, but in addition, the book is highly recommended to those seeking love and those fulfilled in love. The gypsy represents her free-born will, which separates her from the rest of the Saywells. He is an outsider, on an old, old war-path against such as herself . . . Yes, if she belonged to any side, and to any clan, it was to his. Under the influence of the absent mother, an adulterous couple she encounters, and the defiant gypsy who endures in opposition, Yvette is forced into a confrontation with her sneering father-a confrontation that brings out his hidden evil and self-righteousness. Both The Virgin and the Gypsy and That Evening Sun deal with characters who are social outsiders living under social restrictions. The Virgin and the Gypsy is a picture of the social climate in England. Characters like Cynthia, the Eastwoods and the gipsies are affected by social snobbery. That Evening Sun is the portrayal of Nancy, a black woman, who struggles against racism. The outsiders from these selections are physically, emotionally, and socially isolated. Social isolation affects the characters in The Virgin and the Gypsy and That Evening Sun. Nancy experiences social rejection from both society and from the family she works for. She is discriminated for being black and is shown no respect in society. There is also the factor of generational prejudice in the family Nancy works for. The mother is passing on their racial prejudice to their children who will carry on a racist attitude forever. The children uses phrases like scairder than niggers(199) as an insult conveying their disrespect of the black culture. The gipsies are isolated from society because they are different. They lead a different lifestyle and act as individuals. Society describes gipsies as pagan pariahs(36), non-Christians and outcasts. Restrictions are placed on people like the gipsies that create a social scale and rank people accordingly. This novel is very intriguing and teaches lessons of morality, religion, and of life and death intended for those with imagination and insight. The authors style contributes deeply to the intrigue and true meaning to this novel. The authors use of imagery makes tensions in the story vivid and emphatic. In this story there is a re-occurring tension between religion and desire. The tension between religion and desire is most clearly demonstrated between the characters of Yvette and the rector. Yvette was brought up in a world of religious conventions and beliefs, an environment of forgiveness, love, and morality. This world is later realized to truly be a world of repression towards all feelings of passion and desire; not the environment of forgiveness, love, and morality Yvette and the readers are lead to believe. This starts the conflict between religion and desire, and confuses Yvette greatly because her religious upbringing denies and contradicts all her natural instincts of love, passion, and sexuality. The rector and Yvette do not share the same understanding of love. They are both very different in their thoughts and ex pressions, of what love is. The narrator in the story tells us what the rector thinks of Cynthia, his lost wife. He describes her as the pure white snow-flower (p.6) and expresses that her husband thought of her on inaccessible heightsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that she was throned in lone splendor aloft their lives, never to be touched (p.7) This would have the reader believe that Cynthia is considered in the rectors eyes to be like god not bodily in his life. At another point in the novel the narrator informs the reader that the rector believes Cynthia to be sacred and that she was enshrined in his heart, as if she were a religious idol, never simply expressing any love or desire for his lost wife. Its like the rector has moral religious love for his lost wife, and not passion or desire, like

Bittersweet :: Matrix Androids Electric Sheep Movie Essays

Bittersweet In the novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? by Philip K. Dick and in the motion picture The Matrix, by the Wachowski brothers, both stories enclose worlds that relate because the humans are repressed against their will and are living under the parameters of machines. In each, the worlds are slightly different, in, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? The inhabitants opt to enter an altered world where machines control their consciousness. As opposed to The Matrix, the world is controlled by machines, which suppress the populace and hold them against their will. In Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? the altered reality has been created on the people's general will and it is their own construction but in the other case, in The Matrix, reality is a creation based on the technology without the human's perception. In both cases the communities' world can be considered artificial, but it is clear that in one, humanity is further imprisoned. To begin, citizens of both of these soci eties remain dependent to a faith by which contemporary equipment is a requirement. In The Matrix, the rebellious Neo and Morpheus, the two main characters, enter this virtual state by hooking up wires directly to their brain, "Morpheus guiding a coaxial line into the jack at the back of his [Neo] neck He [Neo] relaxes, opening his eyes as we pull back to a feeling of weightlessness inside another place." Neo and Morpheus are capable to enter a virtual world whenever they please. Nonetheless, in the saga of The Matrix, Neo and Morpheus are renegades disengaged by the rule recognized by the regulating technology. They are part, of a group of few, that can release themselves from the false reality of the "Matrix". The rest of the public are stuck in this dream and unfortunately cannot enter and leave as they please. As opposed to Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? in which it is the people's decision whether or not they would like to enter this altered state. They use this virtual r eality to correspond with their God Mercer, an evident leader, who is the ruler and controller of the Mercerism. To gain this opportunity the willing participant enters a virtual world through a device called the "Empathy Box ." With that process, the people will always be able to connect with Mercer. John Isidore, a character in the book, who enters this virtual reality recurrently with his own free will.

Edgar Allan Poe :: English Literature Essays

Edgar Allan Poe When picking a topic for my research paper. I thought of many different ideas. I started to think about my interests is reading literature, and I decided to write about my favorite author Edgar Allan Poe. This paper is going to look at Poe from a psychological perspective. There seems to be few attempts to look at the psychological causes of humor in Poe’s work, and how his personal life may have had an impact on his writings. Many of Poe’s tales are distinguished by the author’s unique grotesque ideas in addition to his superb plots. In an article titled â€Å"Poe’s humor: A Psychological Analysis,† by Paul Lewis, he states: â€Å"Appropriately it seems to me, that to see Poe only as an elitist whose jokes could not be grasped by a general audience is to sell him short. He does not deny this elitist side of Poe; but he holds for a broader, more universal less intellectual humor that screams out from the center of Poe’s work. (532) This arti cle provides important insight to understanding the nature of the humor and its relationship to the overwhelming horror in some of Poe’s work. Lewis’ believes that humor and fear have a special relationship in Poe’s tales. Humor, taken to its limits, leads the reader to fear. He says, â€Å"Over and over, when humor fails, we are left with images of fear: the raven’s shadow, the howling cat, the putrescence corpse, or the fallen house. (535) According to Lewis, in The Black Cat and Ligeia, he argues that are first impressions of the narrators are half comic. â€Å"We are led gradually away from this humor into an expanding horror of men driven to acts of obscene cruelty. The combination with humor and horror occurs differently in Hop Frog where cruelty and joking co-mingle. (537) To agree with Lewis, I feel what happens in this tale is not just that cruel jokers are destroyed by a cruel joke but that joking itself gives good way to horror, as the cruelty of joke destroys its ability to function as a joke. The appeal of Lewis’ article about psychological insight of Poe rings true. I agree that fear and humor are linked together in Poe’s tales. I have seen it in hospitals, and at funerals, or even when humor helps pass the time during a threat of a destructive storm or when a flood threatens us.

International Business Strategy Essay

The Shangri-La hotels and resorts initiated in 1971 with a flagship hotel in Singapore. The Hong Kong based hotel chain now has around fifty five deluxe hotels and resorts across the world. The Shangri-La currently has hotels and resorts in Asia, Middle East, Europe, and North America. Shangri-La hotels and resorts shall soon be opening hotels in the regions of the Maldives, the Philippines and in Bangalore, Mumbai, Thailand and India. We can concur from this rapid international growth of the Shangri-La that the hotel is expanding its operations to various countries and increasing its international presence. The hotel not only needs to devise strategies for entry but for overall operation as well with respect to human resource, marketing, services and general management. This paper shall discuss the intricacies of the entry strategy employed by Shangri-La Hotels & Resorts, the corporate strategy that it observes, the competitive strategy and the competitive business strategy that it exercises. The paper shall also perform a functional analysis of the Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts in terms of the Human Resource Management strategy that it exercises. The paper shall conclude by identifying key organizational dimensions that have been established through the study performed in the paper. Introduction to the Subject MNE The launching of Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts began in the 1971 with a flagship hotel, in Singapore. Till the year 2008 it has been recorded to have 55 deluxe hotels located in major cities of Asia, Europe, Australia, United States and the Middle East. Along with these the Shangri-La Resorts and Hotels bear alliance with their Sister Company the Trader’s Hotel that fulfills the catering requirements of business travelers. This chain of hotels was set up by Mr. Robert Kuok and now his nephew Mr. Edward Kuok Khoon Loong holds the position of chairman of the board for Shangri-La Asia Limited. Despite its ranking as a 5 star deluxe hotel, it has had quite a few unfavorable reviews. But it appears that the positive reviews far supersede the negative ones. For instance one guest reviewed the hotel as part spectacular and part unimpressive. According to this guest, The Horizon Club Premier room was far from the exemplary 5 star deal originally promised. However this guest goes on to suggest that while the Horizon Premier wing was unimpressive, when asked for a transfer to another wing, known as the Valley wing this guest was highly pleased, it was everything the hotel had promised and more. The luxuriant 5 star deluxe tagline was apparent in the spectacular yet cozy furnishing and the service was described to be incredible. Another guest however described the service of the hotel to be despicable. First not only were the details of their payments messed up, they were forced to pay more or if they could not, they had to move to the lowest paid room, which was a far cry from the luxurious settings of the Valley Wing, there they were submitted to zero rated service, as it appeared that only affluent guests were applicable to affluent treatment. However their being ushered into a lower class room meant that they were not worth the special brand treatment reserved for the high paying guests. Contrary to the above negative reviews, a couple who stayed at the Shangri-La Hotel described the treatment, services, luxurious settings and furnishings as unbelievably fantastic, they too stayed at the Horizon club and in contrast with above reviews, they described it as a highly pleasurable experience. Many such guests describe their stay at the Shangri-La hotel as a memorable and nostalgic experience. Every hotel despite its efforts at flourishing, obtains bad reviews, this most probably is dependent on the fact that environments are subject to every individual’s personal thoughts and interpretation, what was unpleasant for some, in contradiction was fantastically better for others. Motivations for Internationalization Internationalization is one of the major elements of growth for any enterprise or organization where companies take advantage of the global business environment involving various countries in the world. There are various factors that motivate companies to invest internationally and expand business from local to international levels. These factors include exploring new markets and taking advantage of growth patterns of certain industries in various countries. The Shangri-La hotel also focuses on new markets where there is good potential for hotels and resorts. Take the examples of India, U. A. E, Australia, Thailand and Maldives. These markets are becoming tourist destinations for individuals from all around the world. These countries are not only tourist destinations but also offer attractive environment for businesses like hotels and resorts. Another motivation for the hotel to internationalize is the lower cost of doing businesses in various countries and high level of revenues the hotel can generate from those areas. The foreign exchange a company earns by doing business abroad is also one of the causes of internationalization. Various countries also offer lower tax rates in various specific industries such as hotels, education and other industries. Shangri-La has gained from opening hotels in new locations both financially and in terms of goodwill. As the company opens new hotels and resorts in various locations, it draws closer to becoming a member of the highly reputed hotel chains of the world. The hotel has to keep up with the challenges being faced in the new locations both regarding the culture of the local populace and catering to the tourists flocking to these locations. The hotel has not only opened in various locations but the plans for extending to newer location and increasing the number of hotels in the present international locations identifies the hotel management’s ideology regarding internationalization. As the company benefits in terms of revenue and status from the international locations, its local popularity grows as well as Shangri-La now signifies a multinational hotel resort chain with five star hotels and resorts at various international locations catering to the needs of a diverse clientele base. The intention of opening hotels in U. A. E and Maldives implies how far the management is willing to go to introduce the hotel chain to newer markets and benefit from the hotel and resort friendly atmosphere in these locations despite of major cultural differences. The hotel chain invests in culturally viable human resource to tackle with the cultural differences and relies on a local and expatriate workforce as well. The hotel like other multinational companies depends heavily on these foreign locations for a constant and sustainable growth which is the most significant cause of internationalization of Shangri-La hotel and resorts chain. Functional Analysis – HRM Modern day Hong Kong based multinational organizations are choosing to establish a work force they can rely on to provide them with a working infrastructure that can adapt to various cultures. This is because of the fact that for multinational hotels, the aspect of human resource adaptability has become just as important as the professional abilities that the candidates posses. This becomes all the more significant in scenarios where hotels and hospitality establishments such as Shangri-La Hotels & Resorts are concerned. In the last few decades, the trend of hiring culture adaptable human resource has undergone a significant degree of growth. This is because of the fact that in order to cater to a global clientele and to serve them, it is essential that the elements performing the services are well versed in the language of the clientele. In order for the working elements of hospitality to function on a global scale, they have to be capable of thinking on a global scale. Albeit, one cannot ignore the fact that their functioning will be within a perimeter where foreign clientele will visit, therefore, it is essential to note that the human resource has to be proficient in the areas involved in the functioning of the immediate locale as well. Because of the same reason, hotels & resorts such as the Shangri-La Hotels & Resorts now choose to hire personnel who can entertain clients from all over the world with the same degree of hospitality. The candidates that Shangri-La Hotels & Resorts now seek out are ones who can be cordial, sociable and have former experience in the area of adapting to clients from across the world with a consistent degree of hospitality. For Honk Kong based Shangri-La Hotels & Resorts, knowledge of the language of an immediate region is just as essential as the knowledge of the language used by their clientele from across the world. As Hong Kong based multinationals prepare to expand, the need for personnel who can not only function but also manage the infrastructure at the same time increases. The room for errors is decreasing exponentially over time. The Hong Kong based multinationals are also searching for a workforce which includes people who are affordable. Due to a substantial rise in the operating costs, doing business in Hong Kong has become more expensive in the last ten years. The firms based in Hong Kong are not enthusiastic about giving the incentives and bonuses to foreign workers as they did earlier. The same goes for Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts, the cost of doing business has affected the human resource policies in hotel management as well. The companies based in Hong Kong including hotels such as the Shangri-La now offer a salary package that includes housing and living costs on into the basic salary. The companies are also starting to offer performance based salary arrangement which are more attractive to new employees (Meijob. com 2008). Entry Strategy  There are three factors which determine the entry strategy for any hotel into international markets which are control of the hotel, commitments of resources and level of risk diversification. The entry strategies available to hotels include complete ownership, franchises, management contracts, joint ventures, strategic alliance and forming a consortium. The entry strategies adapted by Shangri-La hotels for various international locations include sole-ownership, management contracts and equity participation in the form of joint ventures or strategic alliances. These strategies vary from location to location depending on the specific environment of the host countries. The company operates sole-ownership hotels in countries where the gain on real estate is higher and the hotel operations are profitable and have a good potential for growth. In countries where a significant level of risk is involved the company opts for other options such as management contracts where direct ownership of real estate is either not possible or not viable for the company. The hotel chain uses joint ventures in areas where the cost of doing business and the cost of capital is quite high or in locations where there are certain property ownership constraints. The hotels established by the company in various areas were the first luxury hotels of the area and in some areas the company provided luxury hotel services solely. The company had signaled a long term planning structure for the time to come as in 1989 the company started a second hotel chain called Traders. This was a four star mid-ranged hotel brand with lower level of standards than the company’s main hotel chain. The company amended the newly acquired chain and upgraded services to meet the current luxury levels of Shangri-La. The main ideology behind this amendment was to introduce the concept of luxury hotels to newer markets and eventually establishing five star luxury hotels in these regions. Again this market entry strategy reflected the company’s long term goal to take luxury hotels and resorts to newer locations. Though the hotel chain saw difficult times the company gained substantially from its investments in China as the economy of the country flourished. In the starting of the new century the company amended its entry strategy slightly to adapt to global conditions. The company had now acquired hotels in Dubai and Canada. The growth of the company enabled it to open various hotels in different locations during 2000-2005 and there is a long list of hotels which are being planned for newer locations. The entry strategy for global locations has now changed slightly as these markets are already familiar to luxury hotels. The company now aims to gain from its reputation as one of the largest hotel chains of Asia. The company invests heavily in areas with high tourism capacity and targets areas which have a high potential for luxury resorts such as Dubai, Maldives, Thailand and Malaysia which have now become tourist hubs for individuals from around the world with diverse cultural backgrounds.