The Impact Of Globalization On Developing Countries

Globalization is a difficult word to define, simply because it means many different things to many different people. In general, however, globalization refers to the fact that world economies and cultures have become increasingly integrated over the past two or three decades. More specifically, the world has seen a significant increase in the flow of goods through international trade, access to foreign financial capital, movement of human capital across borders, and the transfer of technology, information, and cultural symbols. Developing countries, ones in which the majority of people lives on far less money and with far fewer basic public services than the population in highly industrialized ones, have become much more integrated in to the world economy as a result of this complex process. In what follows, this paper will first provide a brief overview of globalization. Subsequently, it will examine both the theoretical and actual effects of globalization on developing countries. T he primary areas of focus will be financial integration and access to global capital, trade openness and GDP, the effects of foreign direct investment and government ideologies on income inequality, and emigration. I argue that although economic theory and research suggest that increased access to foreign capital and trade openness may be beneficial to the overall economic growth of developing countries, the effects of globalization at the level of human capital and well-being, such as onShow MoreRelatedGlobalization And Its Impact On Developing Countries872 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization can be defined as an intensive form of worldwide interconnectedness that facilitates the flow of capital, humans, commodities, technology, information, symbols and values due to the advancement worldwide systems of transport and communication. Globalization has created new opportunities for developing countries such as, technology, greater opportunities to access markets, increase in growth an d improved living standards. Despite the fact that it has been beneficial for the world economyRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Developing Countries2029 Words   |  9 PagesGlobalization has played a key role in our world and continues to be an integral and inescapable part of the lives of every single individual today. In this paper, I argue that globalization has had a negative impact on developing countries, specifically increasing poverty as well as negatively affecting employment, safety of women, gender inequality and wage-gaps. First we must define important terms such as globalization and developing countries. Globalization refers to the interaction among internationalRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Developing Countries1752 Words   |  8 PagesWhat are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats presented to a developing country by globalisation? Over the past two decades people all over the world have become closer than before. Goods and services that appear in a country will be immediately promoted in the others. This phenomenon is called globalisation. Globalisation at its simplest can be seen as the increase of international trade and services, the greater movement of labour and capital flows, the improvement in communicationRead MoreThe Impacts of Globalization on Developing Countries Essays1365 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization, love it or hate it, but you can’t escape it. Globalization may be regarded as beneficial from an economic and business point of view, but however cannot be perceived the ditto when examined from the social sciences and humanities side of it. Globalization can be argued as a tool for economic growth, advancement and prosperity through co-operation between the developed and developing countries. The pro-globalization critics argue that the benefits that globalization brings to developingRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Country1578 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is the process in which people, companies and governments from different nations gl obalize their trade or business at international level. Globalization is not a new process, In past years people used to imports and exports of things at a long distance from their hometown to another place but nowadays globalization is very powerful and have a new face and it has been spread all over the world. Globalization is a good way to connect countries, people and do trade on a large scale andRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Politics And Public Policy810 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization greatly expands in 1990s when it is the period of business establishments nationwide (Naime, 2009). This phenomenon allows economic and politics of one country penetrate others (Mittelman, 1997). In addition, the factors of globalization includes the spatial reorganization of production, the industrialization across borders, the expansion of financial markets, the diffusion of identical consumer goods to distant countries, massive transfers of population and emerging worldwide preferen ceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Spiritual Perspectives On Globalization 906 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Spiritual Perspectives on Globalization† written by Ira Rifkin and published by Skylight Paths Publishers in 2003, Rifkin defines globalization as a fusion of economic level, which encircles all the multinational companies that made possible the capital flows, cultural level, which encompass the homogenization of culture by the countries that undermine others and individual level, which features the consumerism and boost of consumer values (Rifkin). Still, globalization may reduce or increase inequalityRead MoreGlobalization And Its Effect On Society1240 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization and the use of new technologies and how it strengthens or weakens global inequalities Globalization is a very important force in the new world and it continues to impact the lives of individuals as well as groups world over. The role and affect of globalization has broadened over time. It has resulted in the lessening of trade barriers, integration of the economy of the world, increase in opportunities for groups and individuals alike and an increase in the economic well being andRead MoreHow Globalisation has affected developing countries in the Asia - pacific region1609 Words   |  7 Pagesthe process of globalization. Globalization is the progressive integration between national economies and the breaking down of barriers between trade and financial flows around the world, which will eventually lead to the emergence of a single world market. Globalization has affected many different nations in different ways, depending on their degree of development and extent to which they are open to the flows of the world economy. China, which is one of the developing countrie s, is said to be theRead MoreGlobalization : The World And Created Unity Out Of Great Diversity Essay1542 Words   |  7 PagesFor centuries, globalization has increasingly knitted 　　together the world and created unity out of great diversity. Coca Cola, Disney and McDonald’s symbolize the process, along with Sony, Shell Oil and IBM. They are products known and consumed from Ulan Bator to Little Rock - and also powerful companies that drive globalization forward, creating new laws, new business practices, new ways to eat and drink, new hopes and dreams. Optimists look forward to a global village, linked together by the Internet

Michael Vick Free Essays

Psychological references of a personality can be correlated to each individual that resides on this earth.   Although some can be compared to others in terms of habitual actions through classifications, each personality interpretation is unique.   Personality classifications can be deemed as a selective grouping of traits that each individual acquires as a result of personal experiences, environmental influences, and category habitual traits. We will write a custom essay sample on Michael Vick or any similar topic only for you Order Now    These groups or categories each align one’s characteristics, thus organizing each person into a class or rank based upon traits identified by each grouping or classification. Thus far, 6 theories have been formulated to specify each personality trait including, humanistic, behavioral and social learning, cognitive, humanistic, psychoanalytical, and biological.   Each of these theoretical sects preserves the understanding of an individual’s actions as well as the identification of behavioral factors and qualities.   Many everyday people have undergone such evaluations in order to indentify, sort, and interpret personal behavior, however such theories are being examined in the lives of many high profile celebrities. For example, the latest bouts of strange behavior of Brittney Spears have also undergone these theories during the present custody battle with her former husband, Kevin Fedderline. Shaving her head along with her peculiar performance at the MTV movie awards have additionally undergone scrutiny.   Although Britney’s behavior has been rumored the result of substance abuse instead of personality flaws, many physiological theories has thus been applied in an attempt to explain the reasoning behind her actions. Moreover, football star Michael Vick has undergone a serious career adjustment only months ago after he was convicted of dog fighting charges.   Psychological personality theories can also be applied in order to understand the logic behind his recent actions. Although his career seemingly ended earlier than expected, Michael Vick was not always in the bright spotlight that shined upon his career for so many years. Born in Newport News, Virginia, 1960, to then 16 year-old Brenda Vick and 17 year-old Michael Boddie, Michael Dwayne Vick was always responsible for his siblings while his father attempted to maintain a steady job.   Michael Boddie only served 2 years in the military before finally finding a steady job at the local ship yards as a painter. However, in Mr. Boddie’s spare time, he always reintegrated the discipline of football into his son, thus attaining Michael Vicks’ deep passion for the sport. After a rash of disciplinary issues as school, Michael â€Å"Ookie† Vick was forced to incorporate an extra-curricular activity into his schedule, thus he chose football. During his constructive varsity career at Warwick High School, Vick earned a scholarship to Virginia Tech.   Soon after a successful career at Virginia Tech, Vick was deemed one of the most sought after college quarterbacks in the entire United States, thus earning him a spot in the Atlanta Falcons lineup. During this time, The Atlanta Falcons had only advanced to the playoffs a total of 6 times; therefore they were attempting to acquire a team player whom could aid the team in accomplishing their feat in the Super Bowl.  Ã‚   Vick signed on for a six year contract totaling $62 million along with a $15 million sign on bonus.   Although then coach, Dan Reeves, only had intentions of orchestrating Vick from the sidelines of his rookie year, his impressive performance during training camp earned an early route to the field.   During his career since the start of 2001, Vick has proved to be an essential sect of the Falcons team (Black Book Partners, 2007). However, since his formal guilty plea in illegal dog fights, Vick has proved to be a tremendous loss to the Falcons dream team. â€Å"One of the most spectacular falls from grace in the history of American sport was sealed yesterday as star quarterback Michael Vick formally pleaded guilty to charges of conspiracy and involvement in dog-fighting, that could see him jailed for a year or more†¦ Vick had been one of the biggest stars of the National Football League, a quarterback of explosive speed and phenomenal throwing power. He was in the middle of a record-breaking $137m (68.5m), 10- year contract with the Falcons, not to mention a host of lucrative endorsement deals† (Cornwell,   August 2007).   Since his recent indefinite expulsion from the NFL in the later portion of 2007, the Atlanta Falcons have only attained 3 wins, and have consequentially ended their once always sold out games.   In early December, Vick was sentenced to 23 months in prison with a projected release date of summer 2009. Although there are 6 sects of trait theory, Vick’s actions can only be interpreted under the Social-Cognitive Theory.   Under this theory, internal and external factors influence an individual, not either or.   This theory is also called the reciprocal theory because each factor, internal and external, corresponds with each other, not separately.   All Psych noted that  in his classic experiment, Bandura (1965) looked at the behavior of children after watching a model on TV perform aggressive acts.   The children were divided into three groups; model rewarded, model punished, and no consequence, referring to the outcome of these aggressive acts. As he expected, all of the children were able to perform the aggressive acts even though they had never performed them or been rewarded for them in the past.   However, those who witnessed the aggressive model being punished exhibited less aggressive acts themselves in the play time that followed. (AllPsych, 2004). Bandura reintegrated the thought that people not only react to personal feelings or inhibitions, but that they also act upon outside influences.   These influences could range from television, friends, family or even things witnessed in the workplace. Realistically, in correlation to Michael Vick’s dog fighting offences, others were involved in the case, including friends and family.   Vick admitted to brutally killing at least 8 dogs either during or after the fights, however, others that were involved in the gambling and actual dog fights themselves did not take responsibility for their actions during the ordeal.   This leaves on to suspect if Vick himself was solely responsible for the fights or if others influenced him to do so because of his celebrity stature and ability to gain discretion for the events. During his childhood, any actions of violence or extreme cases of anger can not be pinpointed, therefore, psychologically, the visibility of these bouts of aggression that were taken out in the form of dog fighting is not rational.   In addition, Cornwell also suggests that â€Å"Like cock-fighting (which Louisiana, incidentally, became the last state to ban a few weeks ago), dog-fighting has been around here for generations, at least since the early 19th century and probably before that. Blame those early British colonists and the popularity of the pastime back home in the old country. For a long time, it was above all a rural pursuit, entrenched in the South and in the Mid-Atlantic States, where the Vick case occurred† (July 2007). This also correlates with the Social-Cognitive Theory hence its environmental influence on the act.   Although most individuals perceive the violence of the fights as cruel, this type of behavior is a cultural issue which customarily prevails in the south.   In American culture, dog fights just as cock fights have dated back to the early colonization of the United States, therefore preserving the earliest forms of sportsmanship.   Other issues lie behind the dog fighting that Vick pled guilty to such as the gambling ring, which suggests that Vick orchestrated the financial bets and racketeering that also prevailed; moreover, it appears that outside influences instead of sole internal desires influenced Vicks decisions. In conclusion, many high-profile celebrities have risen to the charts not because of their efforts towards charity, but for their outrageous behavior.   One of these authoritative figures is Michael Vick.   Although he was raised with small town values which ultimately earned him the spot as the most invasive quarterbacks of his time, he consequentially succumbed to internal and external pressures that have now landed him 23 months in prison.   The type of theory that can be applied to his behavior, Social-Cognitive, explains the nature behind his ludicrous conduct. Social-Cognitive behavior can be classified as the integration of both internal and external factors such as environment and self-indulgence that causes one to act in a certain manner.   Many studies have been conducted such as that of Bandura, which consequentially supports the theory.   The theory behind behaviors such as that depicted by Michael Vick should be further analyzed in order to broaden the spectrum of understanding.   Affirmative and destructive aspects of the Social-Cognitive theory apply. For instance, theoretically, the Social-Cognitive trait theory can supplement one’s actions for external factors.   This can be affirmative or negative in the sense that this allows an individual to focus on the outside influences instead of logical thinking and reason.   Additionally, this theory allows psychologist to properly analyze and represent individuals when facing legal actions against them.   In demonstrating the analytical properties of an individual’s mind set, fair sentencing can be given in correlation to psychological facets of the law and societal influence. WORKS CITED All Psych. (2004). Personality Synopsis Chapter 8: Learning Theory Section 5: Social Cognitive Theory.   Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http://allpsych.com/personalitysynopsis/social_cognitive.html Black Book Partners. (2007). Michael Vick. Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http://www.jockbio.com/Bios/Vick/Vick_bio.html Cornwell, R. (2007, July 22). The football superstar and the dog-fighting ring. The London Independent. Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_200705/ai_n19388909 Cornwell, R. (2007, August 28).   Vick faces jail after admitting dog fights.   The London Independent. Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20070828/ai_n20523470 How to cite Michael Vick, Essay examples

Cultural Difference and Cultural Awareness Essay Sample free essay sample

Following decennaries of globalisation and transnational enlargement. the big corporations and organisations of today have work force that is ethnically. linguistically and culturally every bit varied as the universe itself. Peoples from across the Earth work. interact and collaborate together within the same roof and working environment. Under such fortunes of close coaction and interaction. it is inevitable that at some point or other. the common cultural difference comes into drama as a barrier as people gets guided by their cultural exposure and upbringing. Employees by and large carry their ain values and moralss. embedded in their personality through old ages. and are frequently loath or unable to wholly acquire past the strong cultural imprint received in their formative periods ( Rahim. 2001. 1 ) . While presence of cultural difference in itself is really of import for any organisation as it helps in its multidimensional growing and enlargement of its universe position. there is ever a opportunity that crisp differences in civilization besides lead to state of affairs of struggle and emphasis within the organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Difference and Cultural Awareness Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Culture plays a cardinal function in most of the instances of organisational struggle. The function of civilization can be direct or elusive. but it about ever decides the range of struggle. its way or its result and determines whether struggle really exists or non ( Rahim. 2001. 1 ) . For many people brought up in a peaceable and non-confrontational civilization. universe may be seen as a uniformly harmonious entity. and they may non be cognizant of any struggle through their life. while those who have learned to vie at every phase of their life. may see struggle and emphasis all around them ( Burrel. 1990. 54 ) . . Therefore it is of critical importance that modern directors are good cognizant of cultural component. the embedded differences and their range and possible effects to make a theoretical account and successful organisation ( Killian and Pammer Jr. 2003. 3 ) . Cases of inter-cultural differences must be handled in the most democratic manner. in order to develop a healthy organisational construction. In this regard. germinating cultural apprehension is the first measure during this class of which. directors besides need to germinate systematic consciousness of inter-cultural organisational model ( Killian and Pammer Jr. 2003. 3 ) . Directors must engender acquaintance with different civilizations existent in their organisation and modulate their response consequently when they interact with each of them. The five indispensable factors that greatly help in the procedure of making cultural consciousness and acquaintance are one. Cultural apprehension ; two. grasp for all the civilizations ; three. developing an ability communicating manner that cuts through state of affairss of inter-cultural struggle ; four. germinating an indifferent cultural mentality and v. acknowledging the function of civilization in life and individualities of employees. An affinity for cultural consciousness has become the key for modern successful professional life as corporations have started to often revolve their directors through their multiple planetary installations. where directors are faced with challenges of make overing their full cultural apprehension from the abrasion ( ( Rahim. 2001 ) . People. and accordingly organisations can be productive merely when they work in the ambiance of entire apprehension. familiarly and grasp. Mentions Burrel. N. A. 1990. Theory and Research in Conflict Management. edit M. Afzalur Rahim – editor. Praeger Publishers. : New York Handbook of Conflict Management. ( 2003 ) . Jerri Killian. William J. Pammer Jr. ( edits ) : Marcel Dekker. New York. Rahim. M. A ( 2001 ) . Pull offing Conflict in Organizations. Subscribers: M. Afzalur: Quorum Books. Westport. CT

Sport Organization Essay Example

Sport Organization Essay Scenario: A LPGA coordinator decided to cut off some of her staff because she is convinced that there are no good workers in the field (this will save the business from bankruptcy). Therefore, she decided to do a gamble and have only volunteers and interns to take the job of four assistants. With game theory as the theoretical standard, the scenario can be viewed in two scenes. If the workers in the field are, by standard, inefficient, then it is necessary for the coordinator to do either of the following: 1) to replace the staff with people who are much efficient, or 2) to delegate the work to the volunteers and interns. Replacing the staff with people who are â€Å"assumed† to be efficient is very costly to the business, precisely because labor turnovers necessitates increased expenditures on advertisement and lofty transactions with the labor agencies. However, once the people hired proved to be efficient, then the business might be able to escape from bankruptcy. Altogether this option is clearly costly and has a high level of uncertainty. This option is moderately risky. The first option however has sub-options. The coordinator may hire a lower number of individuals who are proven to be very efficient in their former work (similar or related field). This hiri ng should be supplemented by a higher incentive (income) which will stimulate increased productivity among the workers. We will write a custom essay sample on Sport Organization specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sport Organization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sport Organization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This first sub-option will in the long-run increase the productivity and efficiency of the workers, and consequently the business. Cost are much lower than the first option since only few individuals are hired, hence less expenditure on advertising and indirect transactions with labor agencies. Short-run benefits are also high. This option is also moderately risky. The second sub-option is: the coordinator may hire a lower number of individuals to do the work of the workers laid-off. This option is not good business decision since this will not stimulate increased productivity. Both in the short and long run, return to investment is in the same level of the given scenario. This option is very risky. The second general option is good in the short-run. It will enable the business to recover partially since the wages of the workers are transformed into fluid capital. However because of lack of incentives to the volunteers and interns, the chance of an increase in productivity is remote. Hence, the probability that the business will stay in two or five years will be about .40, since the amount of labor spent does not equate the amount of benefits. In the long-run, the business will have a slim chance of recruiting volunteers and interns. Thus, this option is very risky for the business. Clearly, the option chosen by the coordinator in due time will be magnified on the recruitment level of the business. Because the option was very risky, this will financially handicap the business in the future, since the fluid capital of the business is not utilized by an efficient labor. As had been said earlier, there is a slim chance for the volunteers and interns to increase their level of productivity given the absence of any incentive. The risk taking propensity of the coordinator clearly lacked proper evaluation of other options, albeit the unprecedented condition of his business. Thus, her decision to lay-off her staff and replace it with volunteers and interns will not help her business. It will gradually take her business into a financial disaster albeit the lack of qualified laborers. Added to that, her assumption that there were no good workers in her business is a misguided one. An assumption is built on a pyramid of well-organized facts and arguments, with a clear set of standard. Anyone who is in the position of the coordinator, ceteris paribus, will experience the same results if the latter option is chosen (Kamalanabhan and Sunder, 2007). Unless other variables are examined, not just the composition of the staff, such will be the result.   Simply put, the coordinator must view all the options available and assess them via a standard.

Public Smoking Banned essays

Public Smoking Banned essays Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals. Of those chemicals, 40 of them have been proven to cause cancer (SWAT). Its no wonder why a bill is being passed to ban smoking in all public places. However, this will have the greatest effect on restaurants across the nation. The next great smoking debate will decide whether you can puff in restaurants. In a democracy, like the one we live in, the majority rules, while trying to respect the rights of the minority. In this case, the minority being smokers, seem to have more rights than the majority. But the majority has taken it into their own hands and passed a bill to ban smoking in all public places. The ban would only apply to the common areas of the restaurants, especially if the dining areas were enclosed and had a separate entrance. Smoking, however, might be prohibited in a lobby if a nearby restaurant wasnt enclosed (Czurak). Of course, there will always be holes or vagueness in passing bills and making rules. It is uncertain whether the bill would allow smoking on open-air decks and patios, and its not clear whether anyone could light up on an outdoor deck that was screened in the summer and heated in the winter (Czurak). This is because the bill says no smoking in all public areas. The bill does exempt private clubs, like those at golf courses, from the ban. Some restaurants could get away with charging a daily membership fee instead of charging for meals to keep smoking in that restaurant, but only if it doesnt serve alcohol. It would be extremely difficult for many restaurants to convert to clubs if they had liquor licenses. Those in favor of banning smoking completely are the obvious anti-smoking groups such as the American Lung Association, American Heart Association, and American Cancer Society. These groups have been fighting this controversy since 1977 when restaurants and smokers first ...

3G Services in India

The telecom expert’s view at a 3G India Mobile Operators Executive Summit was that the new service could lead to explosive 3G growth in India with low cost UMTS enable mobile phones. It would enable cheaper download of several applications like Mobile TV, Video clips of films and Sports like Cricket, Education network Gaming and Entertainment; for hi-end users, voice and video callings would be cheaper on 3G. The State run telecom operator Bhart Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd (MTNL) who have been providing 3Gmobile services for some months and still only licensees to provide the 3G mobile and broadband service in India, enlightened the operators assembled with their own experience in the much hyped 3G domain. India’s First 3G mobile service operator MTNL ’s Chief General Manager (Wireless Services-Delhi), A. K. Bhargava pointed out how the problem was not in technology but in ancillary services like billing and customer management. â€Å"The customer does not care whether it is 3G or 2G; we have to educate him on what benefits to expect from 3G.† MTNL had fewcustomers to begin with but once the benefits were explained â€Å"we had one lakh new 3G customers in just a month†. The higher tariff at the beginning restricted usage but â€Å"when tariff came down, customer base multiplied†, he added. His view was that â€Å"it was too early to talk of 3G services becoming popular with bottom of the pyramid customers.† But for the service to be profitable, the customer search should include middle level users as well as hi-end ones. The potentialcustomers could be preselected from the existing subscriber base and told about what 3G could mean to each one of them. The MTNL executive suggested that operators must project 3G as a tool for enhancing efficiency, productivity and as promoting a changed life style and not as a mere upgrade on 2G. According to the BSNL principal general manager for value added services, Mr. S. S. Sirohi, 3G would be most popular with those who need to use Internet while on the move. â€Å"Download is quick with 3G bandwidth† he pointed out taking a leaf out of his company’s offer of 3G services in the last few months. Live TV would be most popular and also network games with 3G availability. Mr. Sirohi advised theprospective operators to offer a bouquet of services on 3G different from the ones they were so far offering on the 2G networks. â€Å"Opportunity for network games is enormous on 3G networks. This bouquet of services would drive the quest for rising average revenue per user†. Among other services that 3G would make popular, would be family services like multi-media. Operators should configure services before they begin to offer the higher bandwidth. Educate the customer to discover that for many of the hi-end services, 3G base would be much cheaper for him. The experts also wanted the cost of handsets that can enable use of 3G, to be cheaper than what they are today. â€Å"A handset costing Rs 5,000 may not be cheap by our standards† Mr. Bhargava pointed out. â€Å"It should come down to Rs.3000 or even less.† Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) member R. N. Prabhakar advised the operators to use existing 2G networks to transmit 3G service also, to reduce costs enabling them with right software. HSPA enabled networks would be able to handle 3G transmission. He assured mobilecustomers that the regulator would keep a watch on the quality of service of 2G operation even as networks move on to provide 3G services. Mr. Avner Amran, chief operating officer of leading 3G network provider TTI Telecom, a worldwide company with comprehensive 3G network operator service solutions experience in several continents likened the explosive growth of telecomin India as â€Å"more a kind of revolution than evolution, any operator going into 3G needs to prepare for the switching by advance preparation of the potential customer and lining up adequate applications†, he told a select audience at the summit organised by Bharat Exhibitions.Bharat Exhibitions MD Mr. Shashi Dharan said â€Å"3G about to become a reality from a dream† emphasizing the context of the event. The 3G auctions are expected to conclude by February There will be three type of customers to drive 3G in india†¦. 1. Business people using phones as Data Modem. Some thing similar to Reliance NetConnect or Tata Photon+. Pricing should be comparable to exiting broadband plans. 2. Connected Generation which needs to own one device to manage there social networks e.g. skype,twitter,facebook and always connected. 3. Parents of IT generation the great Indian Middle class who can always do with easy to use video phone services. 1. This delay of over three years has deprived Indian subscribers of the benefits of high-speed mobile data services, which is proven to affect positively the domestic economy 2. 3G will permit to offer data related services and also some innovative video VAS services. Giving millions of people access to broadband Internet in a short span of time. 3. This is also an opportunity for Indian developers to join efforts with operators to develop applications that will meet the needs of the Indian mobile user. And because of the size and India software skills, these could be rolled out into other emerging markets. 4. Moving 3G will enable high-speed data transfer enhance the user experience on services like live video streaming and many other graphic formats. As 3G is packet based, it uses wireless spectrum more efficiently than circuit switched formats. 5. The slow data transfer problems that subscribers faced with 2.5G will be improved by 3G. Also other services will be benefited by the higher bit pipe provided by 3G like music download or Internet applications/search. It will help operators offer rich content and new services such as mobile commerce, mobile music, video-based services and hi-speed mobile Internet services 6. One of the biggest benefits for operators in India for launching 3G is to provide additional spectrum for voice services. Many operators are starved of spectrum and as 3G offers four to five times the voice capacity of 2G spectrums, it is a cost-effective tool to deliver voice 7. Still India has a Poor broadband penetration (as of March 2008 there were only 6.22 million broadband subscriptions). mainly because the large untapped rural market. Is a big challenge to provide high bandwidth in rural areas using fixed lines. With 3G, network operators can offer wireless broadband services. Empowering services like telemedicine, virtual marketplace and e-learning can help to make people’s life better. 8. According to (FICCI), in India, 3G subscriber base is expected to reach 90 million by 2013, accounting for 12% of the overall wireless user base. By 2013, 3G service revenues are expected to generate $15.8 billion, accounting for a share of 46% in overall wireless service revenue. There will also be an increase in the share of non-voice services, including data card access, and short messaging service. The Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) from these services is expected rise from the present 9% to nearly 23%.† 2010. The Indian telecommunications industry is the world’s fastest growing telecommunications industry,[1][2][3] with 688.38 Million telephone (landlines and mobile) subscribers and 652.42 Million mobile phone connections as of July 2010 [4] It is also the second largest telecommunication network in the world in terms of number of wireless connections after China.[5] The Indian Mobile subscriber base has increased in size by a factor of more than one-hundred since 2001 when the number of subscribers in the country was approximately 5 million[6] to 652.42 Million in July 2010.[4] As the fastest growing telecommunications industry in the world, it is projected that India will have 1.159 billion mobile subscribers by 2013.[7][8][9][10] Furthermore, projections by several leading global consultancies indicate that the total number of subscribers in India will exceed the total subscriber count in the China by 2013.[7][8] The industry is expected to reach a size of 344,921 crore (US$76.23 billion) by 2012 at a growth rate of over 26 per cent, and generate employment opportunities for about 10 million people during the same period.[11] According to analysts, the sector would create direct employment for 2.8 million people and for 7 million indirectly.[11] In 2008-09 the overall telecom equipments revenue in India stood at 136,833 crore (US$30.24 billion) during the fiscal, as against 115,382 crore (US$25.5 billion) a year before. 3G Services in India The telecom expert’s view at a 3G India Mobile Operators Executive Summit was that the new service could lead to explosive 3G growth in India with low cost UMTS enable mobile phones. It would enable cheaper download of several applications like Mobile TV, Video clips of films and Sports like Cricket, Education network Gaming and Entertainment; for hi-end users, voice and video callings would be cheaper on 3G. The State run telecom operator Bhart Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd (MTNL) who have been providing 3Gmobile services for some months and still only licensees to provide the 3G mobile and broadband service in India, enlightened the operators assembled with their own experience in the much hyped 3G domain. India’s First 3G mobile service operator MTNL ’s Chief General Manager (Wireless Services-Delhi), A. K. Bhargava pointed out how the problem was not in technology but in ancillary services like billing and customer management. â€Å"The customer does not care whether it is 3G or 2G; we have to educate him on what benefits to expect from 3G.† MTNL had fewcustomers to begin with but once the benefits were explained â€Å"we had one lakh new 3G customers in just a month†. The higher tariff at the beginning restricted usage but â€Å"when tariff came down, customer base multiplied†, he added. His view was that â€Å"it was too early to talk of 3G services becoming popular with bottom of the pyramid customers.† But for the service to be profitable, the customer search should include middle level users as well as hi-end ones. The potentialcustomers could be preselected from the existing subscriber base and told about what 3G could mean to each one of them. The MTNL executive suggested that operators must project 3G as a tool for enhancing efficiency, productivity and as promoting a changed life style and not as a mere upgrade on 2G. According to the BSNL principal general manager for value added services, Mr. S. S. Sirohi, 3G would be most popular with those who need to use Internet while on the move. â€Å"Download is quick with 3G bandwidth† he pointed out taking a leaf out of his company’s offer of 3G services in the last few months. Live TV would be most popular and also network games with 3G availability. Mr. Sirohi advised theprospective operators to offer a bouquet of services on 3G different from the ones they were so far offering on the 2G networks. â€Å"Opportunity for network games is enormous on 3G networks. This bouquet of services would drive the quest for rising average revenue per user†. Among other services that 3G would make popular, would be family services like multi-media. Operators should configure services before they begin to offer the higher bandwidth. Educate the customer to discover that for many of the hi-end services, 3G base would be much cheaper for him. The experts also wanted the cost of handsets that can enable use of 3G, to be cheaper than what they are today. â€Å"A handset costing Rs 5,000 may not be cheap by our standards† Mr. Bhargava pointed out. â€Å"It should come down to Rs.3000 or even less.† Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) member R. N. Prabhakar advised the operators to use existing 2G networks to transmit 3G service also, to reduce costs enabling them with right software. HSPA enabled networks would be able to handle 3G transmission. He assured mobilecustomers that the regulator would keep a watch on the quality of service of 2G operation even as networks move on to provide 3G services. Mr. Avner Amran, chief operating officer of leading 3G network provider TTI Telecom, a worldwide company with comprehensive 3G network operator service solutions experience in several continents likened the explosive growth of telecomin India as â€Å"more a kind of revolution than evolution, any operator going into 3G needs to prepare for the switching by advance preparation of the potential customer and lining up adequate applications†, he told a select audience at the summit organised by Bharat Exhibitions.Bharat Exhibitions MD Mr. Shashi Dharan said â€Å"3G about to become a reality from a dream† emphasizing the context of the event. The 3G auctions are expected to conclude by February There will be three type of customers to drive 3G in india†¦. 1. Business people using phones as Data Modem. Some thing similar to Reliance NetConnect or Tata Photon+. Pricing should be comparable to exiting broadband plans. 2. Connected Generation which needs to own one device to manage there social networks e.g. skype,twitter,facebook and always connected. 3. Parents of IT generation the great Indian Middle class who can always do with easy to use video phone services. 1. This delay of over three years has deprived Indian subscribers of the benefits of high-speed mobile data services, which is proven to affect positively the domestic economy 2. 3G will permit to offer data related services and also some innovative video VAS services. Giving millions of people access to broadband Internet in a short span of time. 3. This is also an opportunity for Indian developers to join efforts with operators to develop applications that will meet the needs of the Indian mobile user. And because of the size and India software skills, these could be rolled out into other emerging markets. 4. Moving 3G will enable high-speed data transfer enhance the user experience on services like live video streaming and many other graphic formats. As 3G is packet based, it uses wireless spectrum more efficiently than circuit switched formats. 5. The slow data transfer problems that subscribers faced with 2.5G will be improved by 3G. Also other services will be benefited by the higher bit pipe provided by 3G like music download or Internet applications/search. It will help operators offer rich content and new services such as mobile commerce, mobile music, video-based services and hi-speed mobile Internet services 6. One of the biggest benefits for operators in India for launching 3G is to provide additional spectrum for voice services. Many operators are starved of spectrum and as 3G offers four to five times the voice capacity of 2G spectrums, it is a cost-effective tool to deliver voice 7. Still India has a Poor broadband penetration (as of March 2008 there were only 6.22 million broadband subscriptions). mainly because the large untapped rural market. Is a big challenge to provide high bandwidth in rural areas using fixed lines. With 3G, network operators can offer wireless broadband services. Empowering services like telemedicine, virtual marketplace and e-learning can help to make people’s life better. 8. According to (FICCI), in India, 3G subscriber base is expected to reach 90 million by 2013, accounting for 12% of the overall wireless user base. By 2013, 3G service revenues are expected to generate $15.8 billion, accounting for a share of 46% in overall wireless service revenue. There will also be an increase in the share of non-voice services, including data card access, and short messaging service. The Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) from these services is expected rise from the present 9% to nearly 23%.† 2010. The Indian telecommunications industry is the world’s fastest growing telecommunications industry,[1][2][3] with 688.38 Million telephone (landlines and mobile) subscribers and 652.42 Million mobile phone connections as of July 2010 [4] It is also the second largest telecommunication network in the world in terms of number of wireless connections after China.[5] The Indian Mobile subscriber base has increased in size by a factor of more than one-hundred since 2001 when the number of subscribers in the country was approximately 5 million[6] to 652.42 Million in July 2010.[4] As the fastest growing telecommunications industry in the world, it is projected that India will have 1.159 billion mobile subscribers by 2013.[7][8][9][10] Furthermore, projections by several leading global consultancies indicate that the total number of subscribers in India will exceed the total subscriber count in the China by 2013.[7][8] The industry is expected to reach a size of 344,921 crore (US$76.23 billion) by 2012 at a growth rate of over 26 per cent, and generate employment opportunities for about 10 million people during the same period.[11] According to analysts, the sector would create direct employment for 2.8 million people and for 7 million indirectly.[11] In 2008-09 the overall telecom equipments revenue in India stood at 136,833 crore (US$30.24 billion) during the fiscal, as against 115,382 crore (US$25.5 billion) a year before.

Personal Health Records Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal Health Records - Assignment Example A medical record serves as the doctor’s reference to the medical history of the patient. It records the diagnosis history and treatments received by the patient. By having a medical record available upon check-up, the doctor can easily correlate the current physical condition of the patient to the information found in the medical record for faster and more accurate diagnosis and treatment. Medical records are comprehensive file that account almost all of the patient’s clinical records. In the case of legal proceedings where evidence may be required, having your medical record within arm’s reach is a great edge. Medical records are particularly important for patients who have allergic reactions to certain medications. This type of information is included in medical records. For more concerned physicians and specialists, keeping medical records is just as important as preventing the counterproductive outcomes, which could be prevented by providing doctors with accurate and up-to-date medical records. The advantages of keeping medical records do not only save our lives but it also promotes good health and better relationship with our doctors. So if you are not used to keeping medical records, now is the perfect time to start. The Importance of Keeping Medical

Justify the Importance of the Safe School Collaborative Process Essay

Justify the Importance of the Safe School Collaborative Process Considering the Social Cognition of School-age Children - Essay Example School, society and organizations should form collaboration for this purpose because the lives of school-age children revolve around the school and the society. According to Winer and Ray (1994), partners who are coming into collaboration usually have in mind services they want to integrate so as to achieve some long-term goals together. Therefore, they must overcome various layers of resistance to policies, attitudes and relationships within and across institutions, throughout the community and among consumers. This means they have to develop a process of change that will enable them overcome any resistance. These partners have to device a process of working together and this process should be flexible enough to accommodate or allow adjustments to new circumstances. After agreeing to collaborate, the first and most important thing that has to be done by the collaborative is the creation of the process itself. This involves the development of important guidelines that will serve as the framework on how the parties involved will work together throughout the project. For collaboration to succeed, there needs to be a full support of the management. At times, collaborative can find themselves repeating milestones and stages because new people have become involved or because the group has clarified its intent and purpose another level (Winer and Ray, 1994). For successful collaboration, tactical planning and strategic planning are very crucial. Strategic planning entails visualizing something and then coming up with a way of making it actualize. Therefore, strategic planning is a tool that gives direction of actions and builds systems that will lead to the achievement of the desired outcome or goals (Kono, 1994).On the other hand, the purpose of tactical planning is to link the strategic plan or the long-term business plan of the collaboration to operations. It provides a motivational and intellectual framework for

Morality and Obligation Essay Example for Free

Morality and Obligation Essay 1. Two preliminary steps taken, that may be necessary, before one can intuitively appreciate the rightness of an action are thinking fully about the consequences of an action. In other words, think before you act. Also give thought (consideration) to the persons involved in said action or your relation(ship) with the persons involved. 2. An action is considered morally good in addition to being right when it is the right thing to do, while also stemming from a good place. When the person or agent performs said act because it is right, from a feeling of obligation, a morally good act is also right. 3. According to Prichard, an action done from a sense of obligation, there is no purpose consisting either in the action itself or in anything which it will produce. A motive, being something that moves one to act, can be the sense of obligation, an action done from a sense of obligation can indeed have a motive. 4. Avirtuous act is done from a desire that is intrinsically good. A moral act may be done from obligation. There cant be an obligation to act virtuously, because we can only feel an obligation to act or do something. We cannot, however, feel an obligation to act from a certain desire 5. It is a mistake to expect moral philosophy to prove through argumentation that we ought to fulfill our obligations, because moral rightness cannot be demonstrated, only apprehended directly by an act of moral thinking. The sense of obligation is a result of a moral thought or thoughts. Moral philosophy can provide reflection on the immediacy of our knowledge of moral rightness and the intuitive recognition of the goodness of the virtues.

Effects of Different levels of T.V Violence on Aggression Essay

Abstract EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF T.V VIOLENCE ON AGGRESSION: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different levels of television violence on grade school children. Since some studies show that younger children are more prone to aggression than older children. This study is designed to show how violence plays a role in aggression. The intention is to show that violence causes different aggression levels between males and females. The second purpose of this study is to show if there are any significant differences between males and females and aggression induced by violence. The information on gender difference and aggression is controversial. All the children were mixed in this experiment combined the male and females children in mixed groups. Each group randomly received 10 males and 10 females. One of the groups was the control group which viewed the non-violent video and the second group was the experimental group, which viewed a violent video. Girls and boys who had about the same level of aggression were chosen for th e experiment. Two televisions shows that contained different levels of violence were used in this study. Two volunteer teachers were present while the children viewed the videos. Measurement of aggression will be gathered from each student using a picture aggression test. Aggression levels were rated on a scale of 1 though 11, 11 being the highest level of aggression. The statistical results from group A, the boys who viewed Power Rangers, showed the mean of their level of aggression was 8.4. The variance, the precise measure of variability, of this group (1.64) was a significant difference. Group B for girls, who viewed Sesame Street, their mean was 1.6 and their variance was 0.16, also another significant difference. When comparing the numbers between the boys and girls in group A, the boys did appear to have a higher aggression level, than the girls in the same group, when they viewed the Power Ranger. In group B, the aggression level was higher for the girls than for boys in the same group, when they viewed Sesame Street. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF T.V VIOLENCE ON AGGRESSION: POTENTIAL GENDER DIFFERENCES Violence in the United States has risen to alarmingly high levels. Whether one considers assassination, group violence, or individual acts of violence, the decade of ... ...of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 283-290. Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression: its causes, consequences, and control. Philadelphia: Temple University Press Boyatzis, C.J., & Maitllo, G.M. (1995). Effects of â€Å"The Mighty Morphine Power Rangers† on children’s aggression with peers. Child Study Journal, 25 (1). Retrieved 24 February 2005 from http://web12.epnet.com/ciatation.html. Fox, R. (1977) "The Inherent Rules of Violence," in Social Rules and Social Behavior, ed. P. Collette. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Molitor, F., Hirsch, K.W. (1994). Children’s toleration of real-life aggression after exposure to Media violence: A replication of the Drabman and Thomas studies. Child Study Journal, 24 (3). Ridley-Johnson, R., Surdy, T., & O’Laughlin, E. (1991). Parent Survey on television violence viewing: Fear, aggression, and sex differences. Journal of Applied Development Psychology, 12, 63-71 Scott, J. (1975). Aggression 2d ed., rev. and expanded. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Surbeck, E. & Endsley, R.C (1979). Children’s emotional reactions to TV violence: Effects of film character, reassurance, age and sex. The Journal of Social Psychology, 109 (2), 269-28.

Essay over Reading

â€Å"Being Country† by Bobbie Ann Mason It’s kind of crazy how stories you read can bring so many mental pictures in your mind of things you can relate to it. In Bobbie Ann Mason’s story, â€Å"Being Country†, I related very well to the country style of living. I, myself, lived in a very small country town in Texas, and know people just like the â€Å"country people† noted in Mason’s story. The subject I visualized a lot throughout reading this was the food. There is nothing better in the whole world than good ole’ southern cooking.Back home in Texas I had a buddy that was a â€Å"country boy†, and anytime I went over to the Tapley’s house for dinner; I knew I was in for a treat. I can remember one night his mom came out with humungous steaks that they had just received from their last cattle. The juices all over the plate, the large ears of corn, the twice baked potatoes, and fresh green bean casserole had my saliva goi ng bonkers in my mouth. I can still visualize the way the table was set with the decorative valentines table cloth and the silver utensils.When I was reading about all of the different foods the mother making, it triggered my mind to go back and remember Mrs. Tapley in the kitchen slaving over all of the dishes. When dinner time came we all huddled around the table where Mr. Tapley said grace. I’m pretty sure it went a little like, â€Å"We thank god for the blessing to be able to grow our own food and for the prosperous seasons he has brought us and for the future. In God’s name, Amen. † After that amen, we feasted. Myself and the Tapley’s filled our faces until our stomachs said no more.During this obliteration of food I don’t recall us ever saying a word, just like in Mason’s essay it is a given that at the dinner table it is strictly about enjoying the meal that has been placed in front of you. No talking is necessary but there are the o ccasional jokes popped off usually by the head of the table. The imagery that has been placed in my head by Mason’s story has not only made me think solely upon the one experience I have explained. It makes me think about my town as a whole. The coffee shop in my town was smack dab in the middle of what Mason calls her â€Å"square† ours was the Brookshire’s enter. The coffee shop was across the street from the center of which also had our neighborhood groceries, Brookshire’s Grocery. Walking out of Brookshire’s you can always smell the Coffee shop’s rich fragrance of coffee bean no matter what time of the day. Recollections of my step dad walking out of the grocery store and saying the same thing Mason’s dad would say to her, â€Å"I hate that smell! † Coffee isn’t my sort of thing either, but I do however love the smell of coffee in the morning. And walking out of brookshire’s was always heavenly smelling the Co ffee Shop.My most fond memory however was sparked when Mason starts talking about her grandmother. My grandmother was a country woman and grew up in Iowa on a farm herself. My grandma was always so conservative and would save any leftovers if possible because she grew up just like Mason says, â€Å"†¦ haunted by the fear of crop failure. We ate as if we didn’t know where our next meal might come from. † My grandmother was simply always scared we weren’t going to have enough food. When we would go to Brookshire’s she would always over stock the house with food.Snacks, drinks, meals, dessert, soups and just about anything you could name has probably been through my house as well. She made so many meals that were just out of ingredients she threw together, and my brother and I were always the Guinea pigs. All my grandma would do is work around the house, cook and clean just like what Mason states about her grandmother when saying she doesn’t know any different. When thinking of my grandmother I think of a kind and gentle voice so in my head whenever I read what her grandma was saying I heard a voice much similar to my grandmother’s.In conclusion, Bobbie Ann Mason’s â€Å"Being Country† really hit home to me. It showed me how imagery can play a big role in writing, and how it can really persuade the reader to keep reading. I now understand that the visual art must be consumed by the readers through the writer’s capabilities to trigger the readers mind. It is just up to the writer on whether or not they express their visual presentation well enough to the reader. â€Å"Being Country† definitely displayed it’s visual art to me by making me feel like I was back in my little Podunk town in Texas.

Child Nutrition Act of 1966 and Wic Analysis

Child Nutrition Act of 1966 and WIC Analysis a. How effective is the policy is in terms of solving the social problem. The Child Nutrition Act of 1966 has since formed and developed many programs beneath it to aid those in poverty. The five top producing programs under the Child Nutrition Act in fiscal year 2010 include the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the National School Lunch Program, and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), the Child and Adult Care Food Program, and the School Breakfast Program.WIC serves 45-50 % of all infants born in the United States (Facing Hunger in America, 2011, para. 3). According to Kowaleski-Jones & Duncan (2002), much of the research on the effects of WIC participation on children has focused on the potential benefits of increased use of prenatal care, increased Medicaid savings, better infant outcomes, and less infant mortality. In addition to the previously stated, WIC’s effecti veness can be supported by the perception of â€Å"WIC Works,† (Kowaleski-Jones, & Duncan, 2002).The observation that â€Å"WIC works,† is driven by the great deal of research for WIC partakers to birth healthier offspring (Kowaleski-Jones, & Duncan, 2002). For example, each dollar spent on WIC saved the state at least $1. 77 to $3. 13 in health care costs (Bitler, & Currie, 2004). According to Public Health Nurse Supervisor Luzette Samargia, of Duluth, Minnesota, WIC is effective and produces positive outcomes (Facing Hunger in America, 2011, para. 11).Luzette manages about 27 public health nurses and 3 dieticians, who as part of their jobs are highly trained to provide WIC health checks, breastfeeding encouragement, nutrition counseling for mothers and their young children, and appropriate WIC food vouchers (Facing Hunger in America, 2011, para. 7). According to Luzette: WIC has generally not been found to significantly change food patterns of participants or to redu ce the incidence of obesity. Thus, WIC programs are increasing their focus on nutrition education.And in 2009 the WIC nutrition advice and foods available with WIC vouchers were completely updated in accordance with current USDA guidelines. For example, WIC vouchers may now be used for fresh fruits and vegetables, more whole-grain products are required and only milk with 2 percent or lower fat content is authorized for women and children age 2 and older (Facing Hunger in America, 2011, para. 12). WIC’s goal is not to end poverty and solve all problems amongst it. WIC’s purpose is to aid those in need and supplement their nutritional prerequisites.Breastfeeding an infant is vital to a newborns development, yet not everyone has this knowledge. WIC does offer free infant formula to its participants but strongly encourages mothers to breastfeed. b. Describe the policy’s strengths and limitations Limitations involved when discussing WIC can be drawn to breastfeeding rates. Because WIC provides free infant formula, breastfeeding rates have been a hot topic amongst WIC participants. However, according to the National WIC Association breastfeeding rates have slightly risen in recent years.In the year 2004, approximately 55% of mother’s participating in WIC’s benefits were breastfeeding; in the year 2010 rates had increased to over 60% (National WIC Association [NWA], 2011). An additional limitation involved with WIC is of course funding (Mahoney, 2008). Each year Congress authorizes just how much of funding will be allotted for the WIC program (Mahoney, 2008, pg. 4) According to the USDA: They requested $6. 1 billion for the WIC Program for fiscal year 2009, a 1. 3% increase from fiscal year 2008.This request was based on projected increases in participation and food costs, and the USDA’s proposal to limit nutrition services, cut administrative costs, and to restrict eligibility for Medicaid recipients – a proposal reje cted by Congress for fiscal year 2008 (Mahoney, 2008, pg. 4). With inflation rates continually on the rise and because WIC is not an entitlement program, if funds are not available eligible participants at nutritional risk may not receive the supplemental nutrients as they have in the past (Mahoney, 2008, pg. 5).In contrast to limitations WIC also has much strength. In Indiana alone, according to the National WIC Association in the fiscal year of 2011 167,875 women, infants, and children participated (National WIC Association [NWA], 2013, pg. 1). WIC is preparing ways in which women can avoid the long lines, the stigma, and hassle when purchasing nutritious foods. Indiana is currently preparing plans in converting the WIC program to the Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) by 2020 (NWA, 2013, pg. 2) c. Who gains and who loses as a result of the policy? . Are there people in need who are left out? Who is left out? WIC serves a tightly-defined population – strictly low to moderate income, nutritionally at-risk pregnant women, breastfeeding women, non-breastfeeding postpartum women, infants, and children up to their fifth birthday (Facing Hunger in America, 2011). Participants of WIC’s family members may benefit from participation, yet if you were not mentioned previously you may be left out from receiving WIC benefits. e. Is the policy addressing only a portion of a larger issue?What is the larger issue? f. Does the policy improve social well-being? Explain in detail. g. Does the policy advance the cause of social and economic justice? References Bitler, M. , & Currie, J. (2004, June). Does wic work? The effects of wic on pregnancy and birth outcomes. Retrieved from http://www. econ. ucla. edu/people/papers/currie/more/prams. pdf Facing Hunger in America. (2011, June 23). Wic works. Retrieved from http://facinghungerinamerica. blogspot. com/2011/06/wic-works. html Kowaleski-Jones, L, & Duncan, G. (2002).Effects of participation in the wic program on b irthweight: Evidence from the longitudinal survey of youth. American Journal of Public Health, 92(5), 799-804. Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447164/ Mahoney, M. (2008). The special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, & children (wic): Opportunities to influence participants’ health in Minnesota. Tobacco Law Center. Retrieved from http://phlc. stylefish. com/sites/default/files/resources/phlc-policy-wic. pdf National WIC Association. (2011). Advocacy action center.Retrieved from http://www. nwica. org/? q=advocacy/1 National WIC Association. (2013, January). How wic impacts the people of Indiana. Retrieved from http://www. paramountcommunication. com/nwica/Indiana. pdf National WIC Association. (2011, November). Wic funding: What does sequestration mean for wic’s future? Retrieved from http://www. paramountcommunication. com/nwica/WICSequestration. pdf Neuberger, Z. (2013, March 5). Sequestration could deny nutrition deny up to 750,000 at-Risk low-Income women and children. Center and Budget and Policy Priorities.Retrieved from http://www. offthechartsblog. org/category/food-assistance/child-nutrition-and-wic/ Neuberger, Z. , & Greenstein, B. (2013, March 5). The impact of the sequester on wic: 575,000 to 750,00 eligible low income women and children at nutritional risk could be denied benefits. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved from http://www. cbpp. org/files/2-26-13fa. pdf Studymode. (2010, February). Social welfare: Wic schema. Retrieved from http://www. studymode. com/essays/Social-Welfare-Wic-Schema-285472. html Whaley, S. E. , Koleilat, M. , Whaley, M. Gomez, J. , Meehan, K. , & Saluja, K. (2012). Impact of the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children. American Journal Of Public Health, 102(12), 2269-2273. doi:10. 2105/AJPH. 2012. 300770 Wolf, J. (n. d. ). Wic: Women, infants, & children. Retrieved from http://singleparents. about. com/od/financi alhel1/p/wic. htm U. S. Department of Agriculture. (2011, March). The food assistance landscape. (Economic Information Bulletin No. 6-8). Washington DC: Economic Research Service. Retrieved from http://www. ers. usda. gov/media/129642/eib6-8. pdf

Contingencies on the Moral Ethics of Qu’ran Essays

Contingencies on the Moral Ethics of Qu’ran Essays Contingencies on the Moral Ethics of Qu’ran Essay Contingencies on the Moral Ethics of Qu’ran Essay Moral ethics or moral philosophy involves the systemization, defense and recommendation of the concepts of right and wrong behavior. Currently, we define morality within the religious tomes and its dictates. The normative concept of what is right and wrong is religiously determined; that is to say that the moral dictums we follow or pattern is dependent on what the religious tomes, like the Bible [for the Christians] and Qu’ran [for the Moslem] impose on its’ followers. Take for instance, the suras of Mohammad in Al-Isra’ [ The Night Journey of the Children of Israel] , a Moslem disciple of Allah, defines the virtues and duties of a faithful Moslem. Hereto we investigate the moral dictums of Sura 17 of Qu’ran and moral implications on the contemporary society as well as several other important issues like the Sura politicization and current social relevance.Mohammad’s Sura 17Al Isra’ titled The Night Journey of the Chi ldren of Israel is equivocal to the Abraham’s Ten Commandments in the Christians Holy Bible. As human beings, we are differentiated from the rest of the animal kingdom by our ability to ‘reason’ and to play by the set of rules and obligations as members of the holistic society. The imposition of ‘rules’, ‘regulations’, and ‘duties’ are complex but the foundation is basically the samethey appear obligatory irrespective of the consequences that may follow.One major tenet of duty theories is duty/obligation to God/Allah and arguably, any religion for that matter, would necessitate or allude to the practice of inward and outward worship to God. For Moslems, such practice is neatly outlined in the ‘commandments’ imposed by Allah through the writings of His disciple Mohammad in Sura 17 of the Qu’ran. The precepts of Moslem moral duty are basically the same with that of the Christian, ‘Do not kill’, ‘Honoring parents’, ‘Do not lie’, ‘Avoid adultery’, ‘Do not covet, and ‘observing Sabbath’. Because such moral duties were defined thousands of years ago, they would naturally lose the characteristic elasticity especially if correlated to the current demands of the changing society. The contention is that with the rise of technology and the current trend of globalization, moral duty is now questioned with the concept of Darwinian adaptation. Looking at it this way, Moslem moral duty would need to rectify the age old wisdom to answer to the demands of the societal evolution. Would Allah’s commandments be suffice to feed the moral need of the people?Apparently, Allah puts emphasis on prima facie duties described in Qu’ran Sura 17. In actuality such duties lay conflict on our daily life. Poverty is a pox of the society and one of the major problems correlated to it is overpopulation. To combat this, the [most] gov ernment prescribed or legalized ‘abortion’ to control increasing population. Naturally, abortion is a huge no-no to Moslem duty and this was explicitly defined in Sura 17:YUSUFALI: Kill not your children for fear of want: We shall provide sustenance for them as well as for you. Verily the killing of them is a great sin.PICKTHAL: Slay not your children, fearing a fall to poverty, We shall provide for them and for you. Lo! the slaying of them is great sin.SHAKIR: And do not kill your children for fear of poverty; We give them sustenance and yourselves (too); surely to kill them is a great wrong (v 32).The notion is laughable considering that raising children is a responsibility which entails financial sustenance and not just from abstract provision from Allah. While it true that abortion is an unorthodox method of population control from the religious view, it cannot be contested that it is a ‘legal’ right in most Western and Westernized countries alike. Addi tionally, the verse is also in contra with the women empowerment on their right to choose to deliver life of their own accord. Herein there is a question on individual moral conviction; in a sense, abortion is not religiously right by the premise of Allah’s Sura which is in contrast with the current trends on upholding women empowerment and the stabilizing force of the government-erected constitution.Perhaps the most debated issue on Allah’s commands is the verse concerning murder and the justice system underscored by it:.YUSUFALI: Nor take life which Allah has made sacred except for just cause. And if anyone is slain wrongfully, we have given his heir authority (to demand qisas or to forgive): but let him not exceed bounds in the matter of taking life; for he is helped (by the Law).PICKTHAL: And slay not the life which Allah hath forbidden save with right. Whoso is slain wrongfully, We have given power unto his heir, but let him not commit excess in slaying. Lo! he will be helped.SHAKIR: And do not kill any one whom Allah has forbidden, except for a just cause, and whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the just limits in slaying; surely he is aided (V.33).While it is true that murder is forbidden in Islam, there also constitute a just compensation for the victim and the allusion of Allah as the Supreme Being, Him being a cause to die for. Compensatory damages proceed by an almost unprecedented manner; Sharia law of qisas (retaliation) dictates an almost undemocratic treatment of the murder victims with biased favors for the Islams and only half of blood money allowed for the non-Islams. Such system of compensation is far-fetch from the now-favored legislative system which does not pass down court decisions on compensatory damages depending on the type of religion.The notion of Supremist religion of the Islamic community is instigated by the fact that Qu’ran and any Islamic texts (if not abrogated) states the omnipotence and the due reverence that must be bestowed to Him [Allah], and if otherwise not followed, will incur the curses of Allah and all mankind.YUSUFALI: And fight them on until there is no more Tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah; but if they cease, Let there be no hostility except to those who practise oppression.PICKTHAL: And fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is for Allah. But if they desist, then let there be no hostility except against wrong-doers.SHAKIR: And fight with them until there is no persecution, and religion should be only for Allah, but if they desist, then there should be no hostility except against the oppressor (v. 193).While mercy killing is condemned, jihad is ‘just’ because it is for the cause of Allah and it is an acceptable means to obliterate the unbelievers. Over the course of history, and more so now, jihad is politicized by Islamic communities; Islam governmen t and in some small discrete communities who practiced Islamic faith claimed that jihad is just if for the cause of retaliation and Allah.YUSUFALI: The prohibited month for the prohibited month,- and so for all things prohibited,- there is the law of equality. If then any one transgresses the prohibition against you, Transgress ye likewise against him. But fear Allah, and know that Allah is with those who restrain themselves.PICKTHAL: The forbidden month for the forbidden month, and forbidden things in retaliation. And one who attacketh you, attack him in like manner as he attacked you. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is with those who ward off (evil).SHAKIR: The Sacred month for the sacred month and all sacred things are (under the law of) retaliation; whoever then acts aggressively against you, inflict injury on him according to the injury he has inflicted on you and be careful (of your duty) to Allah and know that Allah is with those who guard (against evil)(v.194 ).Jihad then is a defensive mechanism for the Moslem community. Looking at it this way, genocide is permissible given that the victims are Christians or Islam non-believers. What is most daunting is that such principle/concept destroys diplomatic international relations between Moslems and Christians. Such moral principle lay conflict to the recently instigated international law banning warfare after the World War II.While it is true that religious laws lay foundation to our basic moral principles and ethics, it must be remembered that our greater obligation is to produce good for the greater mankind. An inspection on some Qu’ran laws display the importance of reconsidering or rectifying the foundations of Moslem moral ethics based on several social and universal moral considerations.

Global marketing strategy and product launch Essay - 1

Global marketing strategy and product launch - Essay Example The report concludes by highlighting the possible problems likely to be encountered in the expansions and goes further in giving the recommendations on the overcoming these challenges. AUDIT Company background Tesco PLC is one of the leading companies among the food retailers in United Kingdom with a market share of 15% , the company not only sell food items but also other products including clothing, housewares , alcoholic beverages and gasoline. This company has its major markets in United Kingdom, Wales and Scotland where it has over 550 supermarkets where about 250 are superstores, it also operate in other countries under the various brands and a major independent gasoline provider in United Kingdom and because of its expansions of its operations and market it has emerged to be among the top multinational companies in United Kingdom. Tesco Stores limited was found in 1932 and has grew rapidly and for a number of decades it has grew rapidly, this was attributed by the acquisition of various grocery chains and the development of superstores which offered a variety of food and other non-food goods which were relatively less expensive. During 1970s the company has a slow because of the intense competition from other companies like J.Sainsbury PLC. There were price wars between the two Companies and this led to many small retailers driven out of the market, the strategies applied were mainly to win customer trust and loyalty. In 1983 it change its name to Tesco PLC and thereafter collaborated with Marks % Spencer and developed major shopping centres across other cities outside United Kingdom as well as launching of new products. In 1990s the company concentrated on the acquisition of new markets and development of new products and services, it expanded into the various countries by taking over and merging with other companies. The company aims at building a multinational empire in Europe by developing new and innovative products and services and to further seek opportunities to expand into overseas countries and markets. The more recent developments and innovations by the company include the introduction of Clubcard loyalty card, Tesco Visa card, Tesco saving accounts, Tesco personal Finance and the launching of its brands and products in the newly acquired and developed markets all these are aiming at consolidating the company hence ensuring that it has enough strength to venture in launching of new products and markets. Environmental analysis There are several factors which have led to Tecso PLC to consider in venturing and launching its operations in overseas markets notably are the business environmental factors which. This analysis is the evaluation of the Company external analysis comprising threats and opportunities and five business environmental dimensions are involved, these areas of dimensions include economic, legal-political, social cultural, technological and the future certainty. Economic These are the economic trends that h ave influence Tecso PLC to consider venturing in the in expansion to overseas markets, these factors that are comprises the target market includes: better terms of interest rates in the target market; higher economic growth rate, per capita income and disposable income; availability of a wider sources of power energy; lower and moderate rates of inflation and where there is moderate levels of employment in order to easily acquire

Forensic Psychology and Criminal Investigation Essay - 7

Forensic Psychology and Criminal Investigation - Essay Example The first thing to be realised is that Thornhill is at greater risk for reoffending perhaps because of some inadequacy in his current life in conjunction with his previous history (Laureate International Universities, 2012). The period between Thornhill’s previous offence and current offence is around five years indicating a period of calm in his life. It is highly likely that some stimulus such as perhaps problems with his girlfriend are bothering Thronhill and causing him to reoffend. It would be unadvisable to look into Thornhill’s case without a fresh forensic psychologist review. Based on the review provided by the forensic psychologist, it could be seen if Thornhill requires community support or time at a regular detention facility to solve his current problems (Laureate International Universities, 2012). The presence of long knives at the home of Thornhill provide for the possibility that the offender might use these in order to inflict violence and possibly murder his girlfriend especially when under the influence of alcohol or drugs. In order to preclude such a possibility, it would be advisable to send a Domestic Violence Officer (DMO) to the house of Thornhill and his live in girlfriend to find out if violence has occurred or is suspected. Given the nature of Thornhill’s unfaithfulness, it is likely that his girlfriend may refuse his entry into the house. However, this is just a possibility as yet and the DMO can discuss this issue with the girlfriend as well. In case that the live in girlfriend does not wish to accommodate Thornhill, it would be advisable to provide her a security plan since Thornhill might attack her out of rage. However, in case that she allows Thornhill back, she should still be given a security plan to contact the police as soon as she is threatened by the offender. If Thornhill’s girlfriend does

Comparative Perspective on Organized Crime Essay

Comparative Perspective on Organized Crime - Essay Example Our grounds for comparison will be in terms of organizational structure, operations, political significance and their respective cultures since sociologists insist they share a cultural underpinnings. The organized crime which came to be labeled as the mafia, regardless of racial grouping, owes its origin to the Italian mafia. This group was founded in Sicily and is also called the Cosa Nostra. It was established in the eastern part of the United States due to the onslaught of the Italian immigration in 19th century. Simply put, the mafia is a criminal secret society whose sole purpose is profit culled from various illegal activities. What distinguishes the mafia from other organized criminal groups is the cultural dimension to it. (Throsby 2001, p. 6) Mafias are identified by nationality such as the Italian mafia, Russian mafia or the Japanese Yakuza. In the book called, Understanding the Mafia, Joseph Farell (1997, p. 6) explained that mafia’s only aim is the enrichment and empowerment of the individual and â€Å"his family,† hence honor and success are inseparable. Also, another distinction relies on the fact that a characteristic of a mafia is that it performs g overnmental functions such as law enforcement and criminal justice- in spheres where the legal judicial system refuses to exercise power or is unable to do so. 1 The phenomenon of the mafia has actually generated extensive interest on the subject that anthropologists, scholars, historians, psychologists, social and political scientists and even economists are up in arms in interpreting their existence. Naturally, there is an ongoing debate over these organizations’ natures, but the â€Å"mafiologists† seem to agree that â€Å"the mafia is undoubtedly a complex, mysterious, multi-faceted phenomenon.† (Farrel) To the detriment of the Sicilian people, their tradition came to be identified with the Italian Mafia. Its operation within the Sicilian society gave it the precise

Evidence based practice with young people who sexually offend Essay

Evidence based practice with young people who sexually offend - Essay Example t for a crime, a mere intention is not enough, or even if there is a crime as well as an intention to it, it still does not fall under the category of crime if it hurts and offends someone in personal. (Danziger, pp. 34-37, 2002) Any wrongful act is a crime only when it is done with an intention as well as the act of wrongdoing affects the public. Such a definition was limited to only adult and grown-up members of the human society until few decades ago; however, a new term of juvenile or adolescent offenders came into being after a number of cases reported in which, youngsters below 18 years of age were involved in criminal activities, such as theft, burglary, rape, harassment, etc. In specific, when a juvenile in the age group of 13-17 commit any sexual offense, he/she is referred as adolescent sexual offender in the United Kingdom, and such is the case in a number of other countries around the globe. There can be innumerable reasons for sexual offenses flourishing in our society; however, experts have classified them into different broad umbrellas such as social circumstances, moral and ethical reasons, racial and lingual issue, environmental factors, religious differences, personality disorders, mental diseases, past experiences, family history and so on and so forth. (Bessant & Watts, pp. 33-41, 2007) Sometimes the reason is nothing but the personal choice of the criminal to adhere to sexual offenses. This paper deals with a thorough discussion of factors that are responsible for existence of such offensive activities in lives of youngsters. Crimes can be viewed as the result of adverse social circumstances. (Wolfgand & Johnston, pp. 56-63, 1962) Not every youngster chooses crime for his life’s long journey; however, sometimes, conditions are just too impossible to avoid for ordinary people, situations are inevitable to not to fall apart, not always the wrong doer is the criminal only, sometimes, it is the whole society to share the crime. Yes, crimes

The Impact Of The Industrial Revolution Sociology Essay

The Impact Of The Industrial Revolution Sociology Essay The Industrial Revolution was conceived in Britain during the 1700s and soon after spread to other parts of Europe and to North America in the early 1800s. The industrial revolution had immense effects creating an unprecedented amount of change as well has having great implications on modern society. Where the once meticulous art of making goods and items by hand was the norm, this was quickly replaced with engine manufacturing allowing goods to be produced in large quantities and bringing about the development of factory organization. The emergence of the nuclear family as well as work force diversifications, are all but some of the implications of the industrial revolution. This paper will discuss the impact that the industrial revolution has had on our society by looking at various ways in which our society has been shaped and formed by the long-lasting effects of the industrial revolution which has served as a key to the origins of modern western society. As Harold Perkin observe d, The Industrial Revolution was no mere sequence of changes in industrial techniques and production, but a social revolution with social causes as well as profound social effects (Society for the Study of Labour History,1986:63). Todays large and urbanized cities are a reflection of the mass-migration that took place during the industrial revolution in which people needed to leave their families and communities in order to join the workforce moving from rural areas to urban areas This was further encouraged by government incentives which also led to the centralization of wealth. A dramatic change was therefore seen in the social structure of society. Prior to the industrial revolution Evans observed that life would be lived within limited geographical boundaries, survival itself dependent on the success or failure of the harvest, and the organization of everyday existence dictated by natural light and the seasons (Evans, 2006:46). Moreover, the industrial revolution was unconditionally helpful to the development of the world from the 1800s all the way to the present day. Mass-production led to an abundance of goods. The textile industry improved due to faster manufacturing processes such as coal and steam pow er and other new machinery that led to an increase in the production of woven fabrics as well as an increase in the production of raw materials such as cotton, which led to the availability of inexpensive and affordable clothing (Beniger, 1986). The expansion of factories meant that a larger workforce was needed in order to meet industry demands. Employment opportunities were suddenly vast, permitting some of the less privileged classes in society to have a chance of being recruited and earn a living. For instance, women became increasingly members of the workforce. Mary Wollstonecraft had demanded that women be given the same education as men and the same opportunities for earning a living. That wish was to be granted, less by any agreed social policy than by the transformation of the social organization of industry and what we call it the industrial revolution (Evans, 2006:51). This made it even more possible due to the developments in medicine and in particular antiseptics which allowed women to survive an otherwise excruciating child labour Medical science gave to women the increased likelihood of surviving (Evans, 2006:68). Child birth was thereafter no longer regarded as an obstacle to a womans aspirations in being par t of the workforce. The developments made in the field of medicine also lowered prices, making essential medication accessible to the lower and middle classes of society. This coupled with the need to increase the workforce in order to meet the industrys demands led to women having a much stronger presence in the workforce. Although under-paid, this may have been the first step in the long battle for gender equality. Although inequality is still to a certain extent evident today, women have a nevertheless strong and influential role in todays society. Furthermore, corporations expanded creating a division between those who worked for the companies and those who managed it and owned the factories.   The rise of these large companies is what really advanced the wage labor-based capitalist system which created markets where buyers and sellers of goods and services agreed on a price. Then came the businesses that follow their own self by challenging for the consumers money. Each business tried to do better by producing goods or services that are better and less costly than those of its competitors (Evans, 2006). Today the existence of competition laws around the world and particularly within the EU as set out by the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU is essential and necessary to promote healthy competition between companies so as to provide consumers with various products and choices at competitive prices as well as preventing and deterring companies from abusing or colluding with its competitors (Bellamy and child, 2008). The rap id increase of corporations and capitalism quickly led to world trade and changes in transportation and communication such as the shipping of goods by sea and advanced and more liable modes of communication. The success and growth of the industrial revolution rested on the capability to transport goods and materials over long distances. Therefore, the use of traditional carriers such as horse carriages quickly proved ineffective and costly (Stern, David I; Kander, Astrid, 2012:128). Consequently, such modes of transport became practically redundant calling for the need to invent and create faster and more efficient means of transport. This spurred about new modes of transport seen to this day such as waterways, roads and railroads. Suddenly, there was a massive rise in the scale of road transport (Wrigley, 2010:31). The industrial revolution used electricity to power machines, the improvement of electricity established light and sources for the people and communications improved as a result of electricity. The telephone and telegraph were invented and were the principal communicational strategies that were for community use. With the growth of technology, radio waves were revealed. Curre ntly, messages could be sent over long distances in almost no time. The industrial revolution did not only encourage invention but it also introduced improvements in social and government strategies. For instance, in England citizens were given a voice in government, by having an elected British Parliament. Furthermore, the government implemented laws and regulations to protect employees as well as illegalizing child labour. This led to the organization of labour and trade unions, and subsequently to the development of the concept of socialism. Socialists such as Robert Owen, became outspoken and wanted to construct a better life for all people by improving working conditions and fighting against the employment of children under eleven years of age. The socialistic campaigning of Robert Owens contributed to the decrease in work related crime and improvement in working conditions which reduced the levels of disease and hence improved peoples lives (Owen, 1817). The effects of the industrial revolution are therefore immense and long-lasting which have shaped our modern society and improved our lives in many ways. However, along with the many improvements of the industrial revolution, the side-effects of industrialization are also evident today. With energy playing a vital role in powering the industrial revolution the end-result has been the inevitable consequence of pollution bringing about the start and conception of global warming due to carbon emissions, which is more evident today than ever. Prior to the industrial revolution the earths atmosphere had a balanced amount of carbon dioxide compared to today. However, in todays growing economy the burning of fossil fuels for the provision of energy has been deemed necessary, making a change to the atmosphere inevitable. Global warming is increasingly becoming a global issue with its effects becoming more visible today than it was fifty years ago. This is seen in the increase of natural disa sters and extreme weather conditions all stemming from climate change induced by global warming. Due to the need for mass-production coupled with the increase in population, agricultural methods have been transformed with the introduction of pesticides, insecticides and other chemicals posing potential threats to health and well-being. New agriculture methods also increased soil degeneration as well as destroying animal habitats to make room for more agricultural land (Orgcle Think Quest, 1999). However, the most prolific evidence of the Industrial Revolutions impact on the modern world is seen in the global growth in population during the twentieth century. The world population would take on exponential proportions, growing to six billion people just before the start of the twenty- first century which is a four hundred percent population increase in a single century. It has been two hundred and fifty years since the start of the industrial revolution and the world has seen the popu lation increase by six billion people (Ecology, 2011). This population growth has led to poverty, increased levels of air pollution, limited housing due to densely populated areas and limited food supplies. One can easily recognize the negative aspects of the revolution but if we view the revolution as a whole we will see that the positive aspects entirely outweigh the negative aspects. The industrial revolution brought about low-priced goods, an improvement in transportation, medical science, and communication, thus it can be seen that the industrial revolution has been a huge force in improving standards of living for working class. It provided an enormous number of jobs and gave an opportunity for women to work. Moreover, it has led to several significant changes in government bringing about the rise of communism, socialism, labour unions and government regulations. Sacrifices were made which led to technological developments, which in return shaped happiness, life openings and a complete and definite improvement of life. The industrial revolution formed modern society to what is today. As Rousseau accurately observed, Civilization spoils people (Rousseau, 1770)

Chinese Cuisine - The Food of China Essay examples -- essays research

Chinese Cuisine - The Food of China   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  China’s food is very unique and traditional. Grains are the main food in China. Rice is the favorite grain among the people in the South. In the north, people prefer wheat, which they make in to bread and noodles. Corn millet, and sorghum are also eaten. Vegetables, especially cabbage and Tofu rank second in Chinese diet. Roasted sweet potatoes are a popular snack eaten by the Chinese. Pork and poultry are the favorite meats in China. The people also like eggs, fish, fruit, and shellfish.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chop Suey originated in China. Chop sticks and soup spoons are served as the only utensils at a Chinese meal. Tea is the traditional Chinese beverage. Ice-cream has gained popularity in China. Food from the East and Southeast coastal areas includes fi...

Takem’s Appliances and Electronics

LLCAuthor: Ashraf Bani Domi February 16, 2018 ACCT 511 – Advanced Business Law for Accountants Professor: Dean Poirier Liberty University Abstract I would like to start my research paper and point out the legality and the validity of the contract that Takem's Appliances and Electronics LLC. used to sell their electronics as he had this new idea of selling them door-to-door which was a success and that lead to take advantage of this success by increasing his prices to 30% more if he delivers them to the customer's house. Also, I will explain the ethical consequences that the procedure Takem used in the region he lived in. Also, explaining the meaning of breach of the contract and what constitutes the lowest requirements in search of remedies in these kinds of circumstances. And for the sales to be permissible, they must encounter every sector of the legal criteria. Also, Takem must have ethical accountability that takes place under the social responsibility to the small community he lives in. The legal case of Sally Walker vs. Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC will be analyzed and investigated regarding weather if the conclusion of this case is it legal, is it moral/ethical? IntroductionThe world of commerce and most business relationships are initiated on a contract. Understanding of contract law is crucial for all businesspeople, owners, and managers. Since most commercial arrangements are constructed on contractual relationships. A decent preliminary point would be an empirical definition of a contract. Contracts include more than an arrangement or an agreement between two or more parties. â€Å"A contract is a promise or a set of promises for the breach of which the law gives a remedy, or the performance of which the law in some way recognizes as a duty† (Restatement (Second) of contract chapter 1 meaning of the term).The contract can be simply described as a voluntary exchange of promises, creating obligations that, if defaulted on or failed to pay, can be enforced and remedied by the courts. It is imperative that we understand as when agreeing to terms of a contract, entities are created and defining their particular rules and obligations. This differs from other areas of the law, such as torts, where rules and obligations are imposed on them.Furthermore, a valid contract can create a situation in which parties to the contract can predict, with some certainty, their upcoming relationship because each party knows that the courts will hold them to their agreement. Despite the fact courts will enforce a valid contract after it has been created, what the parties agree to in the first place in commonly unrestricted. Mr. Takem's Business Model is it Legal?When we study contract law, the focus is usually on the problems that can arise. It may therefore appear that most contractual relationship experiences complications. In fact, most contracts are privileged or resolved to the mutual satisfaction of the parties, and the courts become elaborate in a slight amount of contractual agreements, when an unfeasible dispute arises. Hence, addressing our case study in this project we need to outline some basic terminology that we discussed above and trying to apply it to our client, named Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC. Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC owned and operated by Tommy Takem. Tommy Takem owns Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC that participates in what might give the impression to some to be a very profitable business. However, we need to read through the surrounding circumstances and the case scenario to see and advise our client what are the best business practice he could proceed with his business, and whether we agree with his business practices or not, our constrain her in this case is to provide a legal guiding in this section and then will see how to evaluate, and explain to him the legal consequences as well as his potentials, nevertheless from the first glance and the studying we can see that most of our client Mr. Takem and his business activities obeying to law, but still need to be examined, and also we to talk about some ethics practice that could prime unexpected results. Which is something we will cover in more detail later, in our case study. Takem's business (Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC) is located in a rural area of Southwest Virginia, and the majority of its customers are poorer residents of the Appalachian regions of Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and West Virginia. According to our case, Sally Walker vs. Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC, our client, Tommy Takem. interested in concentrate his business around these rural areas because due to different reasons, there isn't much competition for his business which was an opportunity for his business. But the disadvantage was, most of the people who lived in these areas were relatively uneducated enough to understand, poor credit, unsophisticated, and other reasons. Moreover, there was a demand for appliances and electronics. And because there weren't many appliances stores around those areas, people needed to buy them. Tommy took advantage of that and increased his prices between 10-20%. This process adapted by our client is widening the precise meaning of the contractual law. Tommy's business has been doing so well after the increase in the prices. Tommy newly came up with an idea for expanding his business. He decided to begin selling his appliances and electronics door-to-door in the above-described regions. Until recently, it had been working great. He hired some great salespeople who really know how to â€Å"apply the pressure and turn up the heat.† Further, since he is providing a service to these societies by transporting the goods to their homes, he charges about 30% more than he would if the customers came to the store. Apparently, the salespeople do not mention this fact to the customers. Lately, Tommy received a letter from a disgruntled customer named Sally Walker (an elderly widow lady who lives alone in the hills of Southwest Virginia—her children and grandchildren have all moved out of the area.) She has fallen behind on her payments on her new laptop computer, and Tommy had started collection efforts. He had not yet referred it to a lawyer. The letter is very well written (which would be unexpected since Sally is not very well educated.) It indicates that her granddaughter, who recently graduated with an MS in Accounting from Liberty University Online helped her with it. It argues that the entire deal is unconscionable and therefore unenforceable.Moreover, the letter emphasizes that Sally has paid enough for the computer that she purchased and will not pay any more. Finally, the letter indicates that if Tommy pushes the matter more, Sally threatens to sue for punitive damages and write letters to the editors of various local papers throughout the region to ruin his reputation. As we can see from the above surrounding circumstances and from the definition of the contract, our client has been operating with the compliance in accordance with the law and legality in most of his business transaction, as general roles, â€Å"The foundations of Corporate Governance demand that organizational practice follows the legal requirements. In current times, news reviews of industry wrongdoings have forged uncertainty on the bottom line that submission is definitely the widespread procedure. â€Å"(Realistic Hypothetical Legal Scenarios Business Law for Accountants†, 2013) despite the allegation letter from Ms. Walker, and despite the ethical conduct regarding the transparency in the new adapted policy and increase of 30% on the delivered items in this section, but there is however still an exception to the legality of the later mentioned of the 30% this should be communicated to the other partiers of the contract. Whether the Argument in the Letter has any Merit?In response to a letter recently received which was written by Sally Walker's granddaughter of one of his customer, from lawyer standpoint of view, the indication of Sally's letter concerning and arguing the unconscionable act of our client (Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC) by excessively charging their customers. In analyzing the precedent there could thee potential legal obligations: first one, if Ms. Walker is serious enough about bringing this case to the court, the court may look upon the contract from the unconscionability part of it, while court applies this point very scarcely, but still feasible defense to the plaintiff side due to Ms. Walker conditions. The second one is that Ms. Walker could recall for the punitive damage claim, as explained below.The third one is regarding the undisclosed charges for the delivery services.Typically, court will enforce a valid contract after it has been formed, â€Å"In deciding the validity of consideration, courts will not look to the amount or type of considerations or the relative bargaining power of the parties (except in the rare case of a contract so burdensome on one party as to indicate unconscionability)† (ABLA, 2017). My concern here is to provide my client with a reasonable and accurate sound legal standpoint and preventing him from a further and a future legal consequence. On the other hand, when Ms. Walker's proclaimed that the installment and the amount she has paid for the computer so far, is enough, I see this all was agreed upon before forming the agreement with her. Obviously, I would advise that each one of us should read and go through any kind of contract in a way that can clear and remove any ambiguous completely, read through your paper one two or whatsoever, moreover, always seek for an expertise advise in most of your relationship areas, and save yourself of being an unexpected position. Should he Take the Threats Seriously?As react with caution in determining whether my client should take Ms. Walker's letter in a serious manner because we are afraid that the court might rule to her advantage. â€Å"When it is claimed or appears to the court that the contract or any clause thereof may be unconscionable the parties shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to present evidence as to its commercial setting, purpose and effect to aid the court in making the determination. (106). The Restatement also has a similar rule which tracks the UCC provision. (107) The purpose of the unconscionability doctrine is to expressly allow courts to police contracts for terms they deem unconscionable. (108) Though â€Å"unconscionable† is not defined by the UCC, some definitions give a feel for what the originators of the doctrine may have intended. One court has defined it as â€Å"that which ‘affronts the sense of decency.'† (109) One dictionary definition is â€Å"lying outside the limits of what is reasonable or acceptable: shockingly unfair, harsh, or unjust.† (110)† (Bar-Gill, O., Ben-Shahar, O., ; Marotta-Wurgler, F. 2017).Another word from the law that needs to be added here is that the procedure in which my client (Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC) following by charges 30% more to delivering the appliances and electronics to the customer's door-to-door and the fact that his salespeople intended or might have been instructed by Mr. Takem not to mention it to the customers. Despite the fact that my client, Mr. Takem, intentionally instructed them to mention the 30% increase or not, while he is the owner of the business and all of his employees should follow his instructions. The court might obtain this conclusion from his business conduct and count this against him as a form of misleading, uncommunicated as one of the criteria to validate a contract, misrepresentation, misrepresentation fraudulent or other entrance to breach this contract or similar contract since the court will incline for the advantage of the plaintiff (Ms. Walker) party of this contract against my client (Mr. Takem). As we go more through Ms. Walker's letter while she emphasizes that she is going to sue for punitive damages, whereas, punitive damages cannot normally be granted in contract disputes, here I wouldn't worry about this phrase either my client (Mr. Takem), as this is merely a threaten word in Ms. Walker's letter. However, this part in some case could be unpredictable, and because they are usually compensated in addition of the plaintiff's demonstrable injuries, and are awarded only in distinct cases, but to act as a prudent defends of my client (Mr. Takem) we need to supply him with the sound of law regarding this point, as a part of a lawyer due diligence where â€Å"Jurors award punitive damages too often. The amounts they award are erratic and unpredictable, even though they start from shared moral intuitions about the reprehensibility of defendants' conduct. And when they deliberate and decide as juries, both the size and variability of the awards increase.† Feigenson, N. R. 2003). It's ambiguities which need to be corrected proximately before any serious consequences superficial. Furthermore, the major ambiguity in the business operated in this case is the lack of transparency in its transactions with their customers; this absence of transparency is most deceptive in the prices and the percentages of charge that they put on their products and their services. This lack of transparency, when visible, could cause serious issues to any business, and, an educated customer could very easily take them to court for misconduct and misleading if they don't change their method and honestly advise their customers of their business perfect. Should he Proceed with the Collection? To give my legal advice, I would recommend that my client (Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC) not to proceed with any further steps in collecting the remaining payments from Ms. Walker. However, this might result in having other customers doing the same as Ms. Walker. Which is refusing to pay and threatening Mr. Takem again by suing his business and sending letters to media to ruin his business reputation. We would advise that Mr. Takem take longer period of time than usual before making any efforts for future collection in general, I would propose that Mr. Takem take an initial step by offering a payment discount for certain customers with some certain conditions with that he can plan ahead of time for his future project of establishing his own financing company, in main time this will participate in reshape his reputation in the area and encourage his customers to pay one time. â€Å"Keeping the aforementioned trends, Takem needs to go beyond the literal meaning of the law and let go of unfair and /or fraudulent corporate conduct; this includes false advertising and/or ambiguous sales deals† â€Å"(Realistic Hypothetical Legal Scenarios Business Law for Accountants†, 2013) Would Mr. Takem Set up a Financing Company? And what Should he do to Protect himself?I would strongly recommend that Mr. Takem should go ahead in adopting this step, in order to prevent and protect his business from any future consequences. But the best would be if he can collaborate with an outside financing company to take over this portion of his business, in a separate entity form, to avoid and mitigate future obligations and losing his customers. Alternatively, seeking for an external collection agency to handle in arrears or uncollected payments. â€Å"Seeking a collection agency-or evaluating the one you have-can improve bottom-line results while maintaining your professional image. Overall, be sure to find a company that delivers results and matches the image you want to project. Use this list as a guide of what to expect† (Anonymous, 2015). With this step-in mind Mr. Takem should put more consideration to the law that regulates and the requirement to establish this kind of business from the participation of the comprehensive openness, full disclosure and the complete condition associated with any arrangement. Finally, he wants to Know What do you Think About his Business Model- Regardless of whether you Conclude that it is Legal, is it Moral/Ethical?I believe the majority of us will agree in response to Mr. Takem's ethics, and the way he is conducting his business is unethical, according to the given case events. Unethical behavior that is not illegal frequently falls in a grey area between right and wrong that makes it difficult to decide what to do when it is encountered. Furthermore, different people have different perspectives regarding what is ethical and what is unethical. Though, there is sometimes a difference between behaviors that are unethical and activities that are actually illegal. â€Å"The definition of business ethics and the answer to the question of â€Å"What is Business Ethics in Sales?† is the principles, morals and standards that guide the behavior in the world of business and in sales relationships too (Spro, 2013). Ethics in sales is receiving a lot of attention over recent years even more so, as it is the correct way to conduct business in the long term and produce long-term sales results for the company and for the sales team. Moreover, â€Å"Business ethics in sales can either come from the company itself, this means that the companies ethics guidelines are written into their policies and therefore can be reflected or reproduced through their sales team management and then the sales team too† (Ivan, C. D. 2014). Therefore, â€Å"Doubt regarding corporate commitment to ethical obligations has always existed, particularly when maximization of profits might be at risk. However, despite such doubt two views have singled hope. First, a view has persisted that corporations at least feel compelled to comply with the law. At times violations of law might occur. However, this was not thought to be the pattern of behavior for corporations generally. Conscious violation of law was not the behavior expected. Second, a view has begun to be echoed that business corporations are increasingly cognizant of ethical obligations beyond literal compliance with law, and increasingly feel compelled to act accordingly† (Di Lorenzo, V. J Bus Ethics, 2007).